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4 Whe:
A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE GENUS EUCALYPTUS
BY
JH. MAIDEN) (so, pS, pie
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
2 a gs
NOL Vi: PARTS 41—50 (1920—2I).
(WITH 40 PLATES.)
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT. OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
SoDNEy ; JOHN SPENCE, ACTING GOVERNMENT PRINTER.
1922. #59641
a
A CriticAL REVISION OF THE
-— GENUS EUCALYPTUS,
me
BY
J: H. MAIDEN, 15.0, F.RS, FLS.
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
VOLE. WV: | PARTS 41—50 (1920—21). ae i oe ae’
(WITH 40 PLATES.) Ny
“« Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining them. Even when a sysiem has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter, or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by antiquity, and transmits that hoard, augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages. In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.” 5 Macautay’s ‘Essay ON MILTON.”
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Spdnep: JOHN SPENCE, ACTING GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP STREET.
*59641—A 1922.
Baan,
ite rd ae fe
ede ta be
Rs Wheat: Ca SY at ie a ~ ne
INDEX.
[The names of Synonyms or Plants, &c., incidentally mentioned are in italics. The
page containing the description is printed in heavier type. |
Abortive Branches Adhesion of Branches Afforestation, Natural ... Agathis australis ..
Age of Australian (Tastieniony) Teaeae
s Hucalypts > Trees
Aggressiveness, Dominance or ...
Angophora
Angophora cordifolia
Annual bush fires
Apple
Apple Gum
Apple, Rock
Apple-top Box
Apple tree
Approximation, Grafting by
Artificial Grafts ...
Ash, Buddong Mountain Moreton Bay Mountain
Australian trees, The tahoe
Balmy Creek Bark, The Needle Powder Bastard Bloodwood Box Ls sks Gum-leafed Box Tronbark Stringybark B. Eucalypt Beuzeville, W. A. W. aon Beyer, George Big Tree ...
* PAGE. 287 | Black Box 280 | Blackbutt
248 New England 256 | Blackbutted Gum
244 | Black Mallee
245 | Blaxland, Gregory
245 | Blood Tree 278 | Bloodwood
148, 280 Bastard
310 Smooth-stemmed
148 Large... fen 248 Mountain 177, 310 Smooth-barked Bee 31 White D5 WaT, Yellow
310 | Bloodwood-bark Ironbark 281 | Blooming, Precocious
282 | Blue Gum 251 Mallee
“310 | Blue-leaf Stringybark 253 | Blue-top Stringybark
254 | Booangie ...
Booneet 89, 90, 91 | Box Tree 308 | Box sine 288 Apple-top coo. duis} Bastard ee 2, 7,45 Bastard Gum-leafed 63, 65, 310 Black... 265 Cabbage an cea 4 Fuzzy be UIs, Alsi Alls} Grey x 97 Gum-topped W ey 251 Hill 235 | Hybrid 255 | Tronbark
PAGE. 48, 50, 61, 201, 207, 303
71, 171, 173, 196, 264, 288, 299, 310, 325
171
150
oo 1O 2, 82, 310 2, 7, 45 46
156, 194, 2 265, 310 175, 177
63, 65, 310
48, 50, 61, 201, 207, 305
iv
Box, Mallee Narrow blue-leaf Narrow-leaved Bimble Narrow-leaved Poplar Poplar-leaf ... Riedass.. Ribbon Scrub... White Yamble Box, Use of the term Brachyscelis pomiformis Bracts Branches, petive : Adhesion of ... Cohesion of Pendulous Brown, Robert Brush Ironbark ... Budding oa Buddong Mountain Ash... Bulbous and tuberous stems
Bundling or tuftiness of the stamens ...
Burrawang and Spotted Gum ... Bush fires ...
Annual ... Byron Plains
Cabbage Box
Cabbage Gums
Caley, George
California big trees Calophyllum oo Camfield, Julius Henry ... Cauotchouc
Cider Gum
Cohesion of Branches Colour of flowers (filaments)
Colour scheme of Hucalyptus erythrocorys
Connate leaves
Cornute ...
Correlation
Crown Gall
Cullen, Sir Wiliam Pontus
Debillipalah Den Desert Gun
Desert Sandstone Y alee I asiet
INDEX. PAGE. PAGE. | 201, 209, 211, 212 | Determination of increment by stem analysis 250 65 | Dominance or Aggressiveness 278 .. 804} Dugourd, M. Justin ... Boas ete 201, 207 | Dundarangera 133, 136 62 | Dwarf Eucalypts 227 aes 62 57, 60, 67 Eucalypt, B. 4 97 2 loa 124 ey ee ucalypte! Age of 245 60, Coe Dwarf 227 ee Flowering of sn.) AU) oS Snufi-coloured bark . 27, 30 ge Eucalyptus bark classifications 312 ss Eucalyptus Forests, Influence of seulement ae on 248 Bee Eudesmia 135 Ban Eudesmia tetragona R ae 162 aT Eudesmiz 276 a aig Ewart, Professor A. a 255 fe Hucalyptus Abergiana F.v.M. 0) 31, Lio 108 A acaciaeformis Deane ed Maiden ‘ var. linearis 289 Ze acacioides A. Cunn 125, 326 1 accedens W. V. Fitzgerald 119, 122 ee adjuncta Maiden .. 297 ae alba Reinw he 1, 94, 272, 294 a alpina Lindl 16, 278 =) Andrewsi’ Maiden 171, 257 176 angophoroides R. T. Baker . 175 NG 9 | angustifolia Woolls 236, 238 30, 308 angusiissima F.v.M: 296, 329 255 annulata Benth 329 73 | apiculaia Baker and Smith 97, 326 148 | approximans Maiden ... 96, 326 a 97 | Baileyana F.v.M. 110, 118, 136, 987, 310 | 12H, 138 979 | Bakeri Maiden ... 123, 324 79 | Baueriana Schauer 62 134 Baueriana Schauer, var. conica 105 Maiden eee 64 100 | Baeuerleni F.v.M. 275, 326 226 Behriana F.v.M. 301, 324 985 Beuzevillei, de ... his soo ART) 234. | Beyeri R. T. Baker 235, 238, 275 bicolor A. Cunn. 195, 203, 209, 304 45 bicolor A. Cunn., var, parviflora 59 | F.v.M. 195 166, 167 bigaleruia F.v.M. 1 110 | Blakelyi Maiden 275
INDEX. v PAGE. PAGE Eucalyptus Blaxlandi Maiden and Cambage 150) Eucalyptus decipiens Endl. 66, 68, 182 Boormani Deane and Maiden... 49 decipiens Endl. var. angustifolia 67 Bosistoana F.v.M. 275 decorticans a oe eo eo botryoides Sm. 257 decurva F.v.M. ... ces ose OXY Bowmani F.v.M. doo AUS dichromophloia F.v.M. 1, 3, 47, 115, Bridgesiana R. T. Baker Iga), Wctel 270 Brownii Maiden and Cambage... 194 diptera Andrews ee mo) OPA buprestium F.v.M. 329 diversicolor F.v.M. 246, 258 caesia Benth. 553 aon. oP) diversifolia Bonp. 275, 327 calophylla R.Br. 11, 72, 78, 83, 275 dives Schauer. se 189, 275 as honey yielder 74 doratozylon F.v.M. tf ..- 029 Seeds of 78 drepanophylla F.v.M. ... 232, 261 calophylla R.Br., var. rosea | Drummondi F.v.M.... ae 21 (Hort.) Maiden 71, 75, 80, 281 Drummondii Bentham (non calycogona Turez, bes 275, 324 F.v.M.) . 22,119, 122 Camfieldi Maiden De 146, 148 dumosa A. Cunn. Se Seo Cambageana Maiden ... 196, 267 Dunniw Maiden ... a Se ZOS Cambagei Deane and Maiden... 177 Ebbanoensis Maiden 169, 329 campanulata Baker and Smith 171, 172 elaecophora F.v.M. 177, 279 Campaspe S. le M. Moore 119 elongata Link ... oe aoe 28 canaliculata Maiden ... 219, 220 eremophila Maiden... 128, 180,329 capitellata Smith 146, 149, 189 erythrocorys F.v.M. ... 183,137,329 celastroides Turcz. ao at) Colour scheme of ... 134 cinerea E.v.M. ... as 243, 275 erythronema Turez. 99, 330 cinerea F.v.M., var. nova-anglica eudesmioides F.v.M. 136, 137, 145, Maiden 242 164, 165, 170, 329 citriodora Hook 89 eugenroides Sieb. 116, 149, 189, cladocalyx F.v.M. 246 | 216, 278 clavigera A. Cunn. son, liwartiana Maiden 21, 120, 330 cneorifolia IDOE sso se 217, 324 eximia Schauer... ase Oy 04,42, 47 coccifera Hook. f. 326 Oil of lemon in leaves of 27 cochinchinensis Auct. ... ee lS3 Flowering of ... See 29 concolor Schauer ... 66, 67, 182 exserta F.v.M. ... ae ie 91 concolor confusion, The 66 falcata Turez. ... Sob So = 50 conica Deane and Maiden 64, 202 var. ecostata Maiden... 67, 68 Consideniana Maiden ... noo ASH fasciculosa F.v.M. 276 cordata Labill. ... i, 54, 275 Fergusont Bae aa 226, 229 coriacea A. Cunn. 189, 191, 289 ferruginea Schauer. ... 54, 276 cornuta Labill. ... Pen 39.0 ficifolia F.v.M. ... ... 71, 78, 80, 83 corymbosa Sm. ... 3, 10, 31, 32, 42 var. Guilfoylei Bailey 71 cosmophylla F.v.M. ... 17, 275 foecunda Schauer. aes 292, 294 crebra F.v.M. 46, 234, 261, 263, 267 Foelscheana F.v.M. ... 1, 3, 4, 276 Culleni R. H. Cambage 233 Lanceolar-leaved form Dalrympleana Maiden... 253, 258, of on + 5 268, 270 Forrestiana Diels. 99, 108, 330 Dawsoni R. T. Baker 56 fruticetorum F.y.M. ... ee SUS dealbata A. Cunn. 301 gamophylla F.v.M. 53, 54, 105, 276 Deanei Maiden ... 258 gigantea Hook. f. 174, 191, 251, de Beuzevillei 190 258, 276
vi INDEX.
PAGEs PAGE. Eucalyptus @illii Maiden... ste ... 325 | Eucalyptus maculosa R. T. Baker ... .. 282 glaucophylla Hofimansegg —... 76 Maideni F.v.M. oa fone G2 globulus Labill. ... 240, 241, 246, 276 marginata Sm. ... Se Baa each var. St. Johny R. T. Marsdent C. Hall aM cen Alls} Baker ... Bes Saal 2240 megacarpa F.vy.M Te ooo) IBY gomphocephala DC. 41, 219, 307 melanophloia F.v.M. ... dio aes goniantha Turez. oA <a) oO melliodora A. Cunn. ... 277, 279 gonrocalyx F.v.M. ae doa Bis) melissiodora F.v.M. ... AG 34 gracilis F.v.M. . 157, 276, 325 melissiodora Lindl. ... 04, 36, 89,92 grossa F.v.M. ... aa tee, 000M micranthera F.v.M. ... 118, 217, 330 Guilfoylei Maiden as Sey LQ microcorys F.v.M. Sie ee 208 Gunnit Hook. f. eae Sia CxS microtheca F.v.M. Ses 505. AUK haemastoma Sm. var. micrantha miniata A. Cunn. 10, 39, 107, 198 Benth. cae me 216, 280 | Juvenile leaves of 198 haematoxylon Maiden ... ae 82 MITCHELLI Cambage fe) 92
hemiphloia F.v.M. ... 49, 63, 203 Mitchelliana Cambage (Syn. of var. albens ... gpa etsts) preceding) ... aa obo cask’) var. microcarpa Maiden 207, | Mooreana (W.V.F.) Maiden... 93
279 Moorei Maiden and Cambage Hillii Maiden... ae see tA} ; 193, 277, 327 Houseana (W. V. Fitzgerald) | Morrisit R. T, Baker ... pees Oy3) Maiden Rs wee 276, 291 | Morrisoni Maiden a re 51 hybrida Maiden sist aa 48 Mundijongensis Maiden ... 805 incrassata Labill +.» 164, 306, 325 Nanglei R. T. Bakez ... 226, 230 var. angulosa eee 99 neglecta Maiden ... ous ToD Jacksoni Maiden ater 126, 258 nitens Maiden ... ae Sao. Fak} Jutsoni Maiden ee 295, 330 nitida Hook. f. ... ba 193, 327 Kruseana F.v.M. ne 51, 330 Normantonensis Maiden and
Kybeanensis Maiden and Cam- Cambage ... a eee LOO bage... ee aay CA eA | notabilis Maiden re eee 1S
Lane-Poolei Maiden 28, 117, 122 nova-anglica Deane and Maiden Laseroni R. T. Baker pe Sit 177, 242 latifolia F.v.M. ... ie 1, 8, 38 | numerosa Maiden oes pod AS) Lattensis Naudin ane Ape As? | obliqua L’Herit ... nse 278, 288 Lehmanni Preiss Sse sss, a0 obtusifolia DC. ... re Lodi Leichhardtii Bailey Ait NOL OD occidentalis Endl. 100, 129, 181, 277,331 leptophleba F.v.M. ... 261, 263, 264 var. eremophila Diels 128, 180
leptopoda Benth. Be soe 880) var. grandiflora Maiden Jeucoxylon F.v.M s ee ae 128, 180 ligustrina DC. ... Saks see BION odontocarpa F.v.M. 137, 138, 142, lirata (W.V.F.) Maiden 111, 137, 138 | 144, 331 longifolia Link and Otto 98 | odorata Behr, and Schlecht 199, 205 Macarthuri Deane and Maiden 279 | var. calercultrix F.v.M. 206 macrandra F.v.M, oe sca O30) | var. Woollsiana Maiden 211 macrocarpa Hook 54, 276, 330 | Oldfieldii F.v.M. 17, 20, 23, 119, 121, macrorrhyncha F.v.M. ... see OA 122, 331 maculata Hook 81, 32, 42, 84, 222, 247, | var. Drummondii Maiden 22 258 | Gleosa Reeve .. 119, 125, 325 var. citriodora F.v.M. --. 32, 88 | var. angustifolia Maiden 296
INDEX. vil
PAGE. PAGE. EHuealyptus oligantha Schauer Bs ... 272 | Eucalyptus regnans F.v.M. ... ... 253, 256, 258 orbifolia F.v.M. ... RAG Homool resinifera Sm; ... ive Se ee AK, pachyloma Benth. ek ee oll Risdoni Hook, f. aa Soe Alt! pachyphylla F.v.M.... 12, 331 rostrata Schlecht ... 247, 277, 280 pachyphylla F.v.M. (Strongylan- rubida Deane and Maiden 270, 277, therae) W. H. Cornish, 1885 15 282, 288 var. pedicellata Maiden 13 vubida-maculosa ae sea 5 ASY4 var. sessilis var. nov... 14 saligna Sm. a ap 221, 247 paniculata Sm. -.. 49, 225, 247 salmonophloia F.v.M. ... 125, 280 var. angustifolia Woolls. 235 Seeana Maiden ... oo een bb papuana F.v.M. a ae 2 sepulcralis F.v.M. se =n) 208 parvifolia Cambage .... 289, 327 - setosa Schauer ... 3, 8, 54, 277 patellaris F.v.M. Bee soa. ABE Sheathiana Maiden hs eee oo patens Benth. ... ae aoe oli siderophloia Benth. ... 46, 231 pellita F.v.M. ... eee bp8) PAu) sideroxylon A. Cunn. ... bo | oe) peltata Benth ... ... ol, 88, 47, 54 Steberiana F.v.M. var. Oxleyen- Penrithensis Maiden ... ae alo sis Deane and Maiden... 171 perfoliata R.Br. 54, 94, 104, 277 | similis Maiden ... 109, 111, 137, 138 Perriniana F.v.M. me 566 53 | socialis F.v.M. ... 8 peo 70 phoenicea F.v.M. oe S65 39 spathulata Hook Be “is OL Pilligaensis Maiden... bay eal) Spenceriana Maiden... Bee HU pilularis Sm... as 258,299 |. splachnicarpa Hook ... a 76 var, pyriformis Maiden 299 | squamosa Deane and Maiden ... 30, 31 Pimpiniana Maiden... 100, 331 stellulata Sieb... us 188, 193 piperita Sm... aie 216, 309 St. Johni R. T. Baker ... ... 240 Planchoniana F.v.M. ... 108, 277, 288 | Stoneana F. M. Bailey ... spo ADH) platypus Hook ... 1295 181,.331 | Stowardi Maiden as 98, 331 pleurocarpa Schauer... Hoe eh G2 stricta Sieb aca, ee US dure LES evs: polyanthemos Schauer 57, 58, 277 Stuartiana F.v.M. - nea 177, 288 has lanceolate leaves 59 var. parviflora ae L1G populifolia Hook ... 195, 203, 304 teretcornis Sm. ... 277, 279, 284, 288 populnea F.v.M. 28 B60 63 terminalis F.v.M. ee 2 Ss 1d 210 praecox Maiden ... aoe peo! ae tessellaris F.v.M. O66 S68 46 Preissiana Schauer aes 505) esa tetragona F.v.M. 136, 137, 138, 145, priunosa Schauer saa oes 54 161, 168, 191, 277,331 ptychocarpa F.v.M.... 10, 105 | tetraptera Turcz. ame = ool Barkiofeee Oi tetrodonta F.v.M. 136, 137, 138, 189, pulverulenta Sims son Sy eeu 145 pulvigera A. Cunn. Be 506 54 | Todtiana F.v.M. oor i> 288 pumila Cambage ah 300, 327 | Torelliana F.v.M. Sse eto egos punctata DC... Ane 221, 298 | trachyphloia F.v.M.31, 48, 47, 115,277 pyziformis Turcz 17, 18, 277, 331 umbra R. T. Baker ~... ae SG var, Kingsmillit Maiden 17,18 | uncinata Turez 67, 68, 118, 124, 277, var. minor Maiden... 12, 13 326 val. pruinosa ... ae. 17 urnigera Hook. f, ins 41, 328 radiata Sieb ty, ae 247, 288 variegata F.v.M.... Bes ake 90 rariflora Ff. M. Bailey ... POS: vernicosa Hook. f. es 278, 328 Raveretiana F.v.M. ie sem soil viminalis Labill. 248, 253, 258, 269, redunca Schauer 118, 125, 277 270, 278
viii
Eucalyptus virgata Sieb viridis R. T. Baker vitrea R. T. Baker Watsoniana F.v.M. Websteriana Maiden Woollsiana R. T. Baker
False Mallees ...
Fasciation
Fletcher, J. J.
Flockton, Miss M. L.
Flooded Gum ...
Flowering Gums
Flowering of Eucalypts
Flowering period, Vegetable form aid
Flowers (filaments), Colour of
Forest Ironbark
Forests increased
Forma fruticosa
Fungus invasion
Fuzzy Box
Gala tree Galls Gall, Crown Spherical... Gippsland trees Glen of Palms... Gou-unya Bee ‘ aan Grafting by approach in eealiee stage approximation ... Grafts, Artificial Natural Growth of trees, Rate of Grey Box Gum Tronbark Mallee ‘(Grose’s Head ... River ... Gum, Apple Blackbutted Blue Burrawang and Spotted Cabbage Cider Desert ... Flooded... Grey ; Lemon-scented
125, 203, 326
INDEX.
PAGE. PAGE, 328 | Gum Melaleuca 198 Mottled 686 86 ce LOS: Mountain 82, 269. 310 10, 31, 40, 47 Mountain Red is 83 bon, al Red 3. a 50 Wt, Wet 199, 206 Red flowering ... . 12, 80 326 Rusty ... Mis .. 27, 35 2983 Rusty, of Tieichhacde be OM 283 Salmon . 118 985 Scarlet- focus 80 310 Scented 91 78 Slaty aus 57 273 Spotted 84, 90, 311 ‘973 Swamp ... aus 311 719 Tobacco Pipe ... 198 238 Weeping ae 288, 311 249 White ... 117, 118, 166, 190, 268, 269, 309 43 Woolly ... 311 986 Yellow ... 110 64 Top we a 231 Gum-topped White Box 211 45 Gum Tree 309 283 Red 309 285 Gums, Flowering 78
46 255 | Hardy, Alfred Douglas 257 - 12,13) Hay, Richard Dalrymple 268 43 Helicomorphy sures eat: 7 Hemiphloiae 312, 322 As Heteroblasticity 274 282 | tHeteroblastic leaves ... 54 a ly) Heterotrophy ... 281 244, 245 | ill Box 60 + 266 | Homoblasticity 274 220, 297 | Hopkins, Harry 287 228 Hutchins, D. E. a son aXe 325 | Hybrid .. 187, 215, 281 30 | Hybrid Box 209
30
310 310 | Illyarie 133. 309 | Increment curves 250 86 | Influence of settlement on Enoalypene foreate 248 3s 2 | Inophloie 312, 313 287, 310 | Insect invasion 285 166, 167 | Insect markings on leaves 2 ... 810 Invasion, Fungus 286 220, 297 | Isoblasticity 274 91, 311 | Isoblastic leaves 54
INDEX.
PAGE,
Tronbark 262, 310
Bastard 114
Bloodwood-bark 229
Brush 238
Forest 238
Grey 228
Mountain 231
Naked-top ... yee aol
Narrow-leaved 235, 237
Pink 230
Scrub 238
White 236
Boxes. Bae Bee bat ae 50
Tronbarks of New South Wales, Some eee 22D)
Juvenile leaf stage Se 273 Juvenile leaves of Bcaluptiss miniata A,
Cunn 198 Kardan 75 Kauri’... 256 King, Miss Ethel 285 Kingsmill, Hon. Wm. 18 Kurden 75 Lander Creek ... 14 Leaf, Round tee 62 Leaves, Insect markings on ... 2
Tsoblastic 54
Peltate aa 33 Lemon-scented Gum ... 91, 311 Leichhardt Re aay 45 Rusty Gum of on ae 37
Leiophloiz .. 312, 313, 321 Lepidophloie ... .. 812, 314, 322 Mahogany 218 Mallalie 165, 166 Mallee ... ac 301, 311 Black-... 325
Blue 325
Grey 325 edits. 325
Water ... 206 Whipstick 323
White ... ae spel, POwAS)
Mallee Box 201, 209, 211, 212 Mallee roots 284
ix
PAGE,
Mallees .. 284, 321, 322 False 326
True 323
Maree ... 75 Marlock 164 White ie cou. dy Marlocks .. 021, 322, 328 Marri : 75 Melaleuca Gia 198 Melaleuca leucadendron L. Ms 183 Messmate 140, 141, 171, 173 Prickly 287
Milne River 16 Mogargo 3 239 Moravian Mission Station, Horanebare ads 15 Moreton Bay Ash 310 Morrison, Dr. Alexander 52 Mottled Gum ... 86 Mountain Ash 253 Bloodwood . 1. 27, 29
Gum ee 82, 269, 310
Ironbark ... 231
Red Gum ... 83
Musson, C. T eas y 283 Myallie aa en 50 ° 166 Mycorrhiza 286 Naked-top Ironbark . 231 Nanism us 273 Narrow blue- leaf Box 65 Narrow-leaved Bimble Box ... cee OE Narrow-leaved Box 201, 207 Narrow-leaved Ironbark 235, 237 Natural Afforestation 248 Natural Grafts 279 Needle Bark ae es 288 New England Blackbutt... 171 Stringybark 152
New technical terms ... 312 N’egumbat 75 Nodules, Stem 284 Pachyphloie ... .. B12; 314, 322 Ration hsulee a. ~ 253 Peltate leaves 33 Pendulous Branches . 288 Peppermint 171, 174, 218, 242 White 65
Tree 309
Perez, Dr. G. V.
Pimples es BES 5
Pink Ironbark... Plenty River ... Bo Poplar Box... Gab Leaf Box Podocarpus Porcupine Btrneybare Powder Bark ... Precocious blooming ... Prickly Messmate stems ... Protuberances of thes stem
Rate of growth of trees Red Box Red-flowering Gum Red Gum \ Red Gum, Mountaine Red Gum tree
Red Mallee
Redwood
Rhytiphloie
Ribbon, Box
Rock Apple
Roots, Mallee ... Round leaf Rusty Gum a of Leichhardt
Sahut, Mons. Felix SalmonwGume S50) Scarlet-flowering Gum Scented Gum ... Schizophloie ...
Scrub Box
Scrub Ironbark
Seeds
Sequoia sempervirens ... Sequoia Wellingtonia ... Slaty Gum
Smith, Clayton O.
Smooth-barked Bloodwood ...
Smooth-stemmed Bivedaecedl Snuff-coloured Eucalypts
Some Ironbarks of New South W ae
Spearwood Spherical gall ...
.
INDEX. PAGE. PAGE. 281 | Spontaneous growth of trees, The . coe A510) 288 | Spotted Gum ... 84, 90, 311 230 | Spotted Gum rash : 85 16 | Stamens, Bundling or tuftiness of ... boo, las) 62 | Staminal ring ... re 355 57, 185 62 | Stem analysis, Determination of increment ... 286 by Bo 250 288 | Stem nodules ... 3 284 118 | Stems, Bulbous and tuberous 285 273 Prickly 287 287 Protuberances of 286 287 | Stringybark 139, 140, 141, 171, 173, ‘114, 309 286 Bastard ... se Lh2e8ipaais Blue-leaf 151 Fuieone Blue-top 152 ne New England 152 STOO 708 Porcupine 288 ila aes Twisted ... 147 elon Yellow 155 2 Swamp Gum = 311 ue Technical terms, New 312 325 | The Growing tree 244 Bee 1) 253) tothe spontaneous growth oft trees 250 ep Hien Cb eee Thurraney bao 85 212 Timbers, Variation in colour of 225 31 | ‘Tingle Tingle, Yellow 127 ae Tobacco Pipe Gum 198 ee Torrangora 239 AES Tree, Big ach 255 ou Trees, California big ... 255 Trees, Gippsland 255 989 | Trees, The largest Australian 254 11g | Trees, Vertical growth of 289 go | True Mallees 323 aay 91 Tuart 307 baal, 814, 322) emu oue 258 195 | Twisted Scnneebark 147 238 81 | Urar 85 255 255 Strait ha : 57 Variation in colour of timbers "6 225 283 Vegetable form and flowering period 273 Vertical growth of trees 289 29 5 27, 30 | Water Mallee Pee 200 225 | Weeping Gum 288, 311 164 | Weston, C. T..., 282 46 | Whipstick Mallee 323
INDEX,
PAGE.
White Bloodwood .... ee me ... 43, 45 IB Oxsae ros ue nae =. 605,645,211 Gum-topped 606 sie Soren ell
Gum 117, 118, 166, 190, 268, 269, 309 Tronbark a 2 ok wet 230 Mallee ... =r ee ae Oa Marlock date ane ss sone HG Peppermint ... 36 ses B 65 Willowy Eucalypt... ane ae wa = LOE Woolls, Rev. Dr. ane Bae ae Sob ue BET Woollsiana No. 2, The ae Be aoa: | AOE Woollybutt ... Ba 154, 171, 177, 198, 311
* Woolly Gum ... a oat 5a co Bly
Xerophytic conditions
Yah-ruigne
Yamble Box
Yellow barks ... Yellow Bloodwood Yellow Gum
Yellow Jack
Yellow Jackets
Yellow Jacket, Desert sandstone Yellow Stringybark ... Yellow Tingle Tingle . Yudhulwan
Sydney: John Spence, Acting Government Printer—1922.
x1
PAGE, 286
... 85, 86 31
27
cee oe TO 34, 35, 36, 110 31, 35, 36, 37, 110 110
a a oun algal;
Piles
es ine
Per onuE OMe tear intss
Tibet
=
i. 4, Ee. pyriformis PEURCz AON; yar.
Bet Oldfieldii P.v.M. 7. Lf. Dreevmondii Bentham.
fies “ins
INDEX
. PART XLL
wall. latifotia es M. \B. Foelscheana E.v.M. 5. HE. Abergiana I, wM.
pachyphylla k. veM.
milli Maiden.
Plates;i68-171. (Issued June, 1920.)
PART XLII. 298; EH. eximia Schauer. 299. EB. peltata Bentham. 930. BH. Watsoniana P.v.M. 231. BH. trachyphloia F.v.M. 939. BH. hybrida Maiden. 938, H. Kruseana F.v.M. 934. B. Dawsoni R. T. Baker. - 62. E. polyantiemos Schauer. 64. EE. Baweriana Schauer. 235, BE. conica Deane and Maiden, ~ 76. B, concolor Schauer. Plates, 172-175. (Issued August, 1920.) PART XLUI. 236, EB. ficifolia F.v.M. 937. B. calophylla R.Br. 938, EH. hematorylon Maiden. 239. EH. maculata cok. 240, H. Mooreama (W. V. Witzgerald) Maiden. 241. EB. approrimans Maiden. 242. E. Stowardi Maiden. Plates 176-179 (Issued. November, 1920.) PART XLIYV. 243. E. perfoliata KR, Brown. 944. B. ptychocarpa V.v.M. 945. EH. similis Maiden. 246, H. lirata(W. V. Fitzgerald) Maiden,n.sp. 947. HE. Baileyana V.v.M. 248. BE. Lane-Poolei Maiden. 249. BE. Ewartiana Maiden. 250. B. Bakeri Maiden. 251. BE. Jacksoni Maiden. 252. E. eremophila Maiden. Plates, 180-788. (Issued february, 1921.) PART XLV. 253. EB. erythrocorys F.v.M. 954. E. tetvodonta W.v.M. +256. EB. odontocarpa F.v.M. 17. BE. capitellata Smith. ! 956. EB. Camfieldi Maiden. A 7. E. Blaclandi Maiden and Cambage. £58. E. Normantonensis Maiden and Cambage Plates, 184-187. (Issued April, 1921.) Pash
Kings-
“8
OF PARTS PUBLISHED~continued.
PART XEVI. . tetragona F.v.M, i. cuulesmiocides T'.v.M. }. Hbbanoensis Maiden n.sp. . Andicwst Maiden. 7. angophoroides R. T. Baker. 7. Kybeanensis Maiden & Cambage. . (dup. of 262) 2. eremophila Maiden. 70. H. deerpiens Endl. :
Plates, 188-191. (issued May, 1921.)
PART XLVII.
965. FH. Laseroni R. 'T. Baker. 266. ne de Beuzeville: Maiden. 1, Maitchelli Cambage. ; B. Brownii Maiden and Cambage. 969. BH. Caumbageana Maiden. 193. EH. miniata A. Cunn. Wj. Wootlltsiana lt. T. Baker. 44. B. odorata Behr and Schlecht.
3. EZ. hemiphloia W.v.M., var. Maiden. ar
49. H. bicolor A. Cunn. '. Pilligaensis Maiden. . Penrithensis Maiden. . nucranthera F.v.M. . notabilis Maiden. . canaliculata Maiden, Plates, 192-195. (Issued July, 1921.)
microcarpa
PART XLVIII.
. paniculata Sm.
. decorticans sp. nov.
. Cullent R. H. Cambage.
. Beyeri R. T. Baker. ~
. globulus Labill.
» E> nova-anglica Deane and Maiden.
THE GROWING TREE.
Rate of growth.
bo
~I
On . St Sy
Natural afforestation. Increment curves. The jargest Australian trees. Plates 196-199. (Issued August, 1921,)
PART XLIX.
278. E. drepanephylia F.v.M. ‘ 38.-E. leptophleba F.v:M.
279. B. Dalrympleana Maiden.
280. BH. Hillii Maiden.
217. BH. dichromophloia F.v.M.
THE GROWING TREE—continucd.
Nanism. The flowering of Eucalypts while in the juvenile-
leaf stage. Dominance or aggressiveness of certain species. Natural grafts. Artificial grafts.’ Fasciation. Tumours and galls. Protuberances of the stem. Abortive branches (prickly stems). Pendulous branches. Vertical growth of trees.
Plates, 200-203. (Issued September, 1921.)
PART L. . Houscana (W. V. Titzeerald) J, Julsoni Maiden. . adjwicta Maiden.
. pumila Cambage. . rarifiora FE, M. Bailey. . Mundijongensis Maiden,
THE BARK.
1. Harly references to Hucalyptus barks
Hucalyptus: ‘yernaculars in general, —
2. Wuealyptus bark classifications,
O. Mallees, Marlocks, and other smalls
(a) True Mallees.
(0) False Mallees. (¢) Marlocks.
Plates, 204-207 (issued December
PART LI. Bah 287. HE. Sheathiana Maiden. 288. H. striaticalyx W. V. Fitzgerald. 289. H. taeniola Baker and Smith. 82. EH. Strickland: Maiden. 290, EH. wnialata Baker and Smith. 31. #, Planchomana F.v.M. 21. B. marginata Sm. 291. H#. Irbyi Baker and Smith. be 292. HB. Yurraensis Maiden and Cambage, n.sp THE BARK—continwod. . Leiophloie (Smooth-Barks or Gums), . Hemiphloie (Halt-barks). . Rhytiphloie (Rough-barks). . Pachyphloie (Stringybarks). . Schizophlove (Ironbarks). . Lepidophloiw (Barks friable and Ree: Plates, 208-211. (Issued February, 1922,
PART LII.
On raw eH
160, BE. @mplifolia Naudin, 292. x HE. algeriensis Trabut. 293. x HB. antipohtensis Trabut. 294. x BE. Bourlicrt Trabut. 295. x E. Cordier Trabut. 296. x EB. gomphocornuta Trabut. 297. x EB. jugalis Naudin. E. occidentalis Endl., var. o? Trabut. 298. x B. pseudo-globulus (Hort.) Nandi 999. x E. Trabuti Vilmorin. : E. Stuartiana x globulus Tra) +t 300, x F. Insizweensis Maiden sp. ~ THE BARK—continued. — 3. Classification of Trees in General by} of their Barks. 4, Variation in Barks of the same: 5. Bark in Relation to Heat and 6. Adventitious Shoots. 7. Ringbarking- — - 8. Coppice-growth (suekering). 9
. Twist in Bark. iy 10. Bark Repair. i 11. Microscopie Characters of Bark. 12. Calcium Oxalate. —
13. Tannin. :
14. Oil in Bark. —
15. Fibre in Bark.
16. Colour of Inner Bark. — } 17. Colour of Outer Bark. SS ee Plates, 212-215, (Issued An
A CRITICAL REVISION OF THE GENUS EUCALYPTUS |
BY
4 H. MAIDEN, 180, 6 RS, PLS
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney),
Vor. V. PART be
24-4258
PART XLI comsten' Worx
(WITH FOUR PLATES.)
PRICE Two SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE QF NEW SOUTH WALES.
SBDTED ; | WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER.
483573 1920.
Bvealyps ‘eliqua 1 Héritier. - Plates, 5-8. (Issued May, 1903.)
: Eucalyptus Behriana BV. M Plates, 9-12. (Issued July, 1903.) . Eucalyptus populifolia Hook: (738 Eucalyptus Bowman F.v.M. (Dow
Eucalyptus incrassata Labillardiére. : Eucalyptus fecunda Schauer. . eae. hee Plates, 13-24. (Issued June, 1904.) . Eucalyptus Bosistoana F.v.M. eee . Eucalyptus bicolor A. Cunn. 6. Eucalyptus stellulata Sieber. oe - Eucalyptus hemiphlowa F.v.M. i a Eucalyptus coriacea A. Cunn. . Eucalyptus odorata Behr and Schl : Eucalyptus coccifera Hook. f. 4 (a). dn Ironbark Boz.
e Plates, 25-28. (Issued November, 1904.) . Bucalyptus Jruticetorum F.v.M. . Eucalyptus acaciovdes A. Cunn. —
. Eucalyptus Thozetiana ¥.v.M. — . Eucalyptus ochrophloaia ¥.v.M. . Zucalyptus microtheca F.v.M.
Plates, 29-32. (Issued April, 1905.) Plates a oo eeued Febmiaty >
. Eucalyptus Raveretiana ¥.v.M. 12, Eucalyptus regnans F.v.M. . Eucalyptus crebra F.v.M. — 3. Eucalyptus vitellina Naudin, and Eucalyptus — . Eucalyptus Staigeriana F.v.M. - _witrea R. T. Baker. . Eucalyptus melanophloia F.v.M. . Hucalyptus pruinosa Schauer. 5. Eucalyptus Andrewsi Maiden. . Eucalyptus Smitha R. T. Baker. 6. Eucalyptus diversifolia Bonpland. . Lucalyptus Naudiniana F.v.M. Plates, 33-36. (Issued October, 1905.) . Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. j . Lucalyptus leucoxylon F.v.M. Bucadyptus capitellata Sm. . Eucalyptus Caleys Maiden. Eucalyptus Muelleriana Howitt. Plates, 53-56. (Issued Novae 19. Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha ¥.v.M. : 20. Eucalyptus eugenioides Sieber. 21. us marginata Sm. i / a ae % he, PN . Eucalyptus polyanthemos Schauer. — 23. Eucalyptus sepuleralis F.v.M. SRS i Mala
Plates, 37-40. (Issued March, 1907.) i oe oe es ee ucalyptus cneorifolia
Plates, 57-60. (Issued J uly,
. Eucalyptus affinis Deane and Maiden. — . Eucalyptus paniculata Sm.?
X - 24. Eucalyptus alpina Lindl. 25. Eucalyptus mierocorys F.v.M. XIV—66. Eucalyptus melliodora A. Cunn. 26. Lucalyptus acmenioides Schauer. 67. Eucalyptus fasciculosa F.v.M.
27. Eucalyptus umbra R. T. Baker. 68. Eucalyptus uncinata Turezaninow
28. Hucalyptus virgata Sieber. 69. Eucalyptus decipiens Endl.
29. Eucalyptus apiculata Baker and Smith.. 70. Eucalyptus concolor Schauer.
30. Eucalyptus Luehmanniana F. v. Mueller. 71 Eucalyptus Cléezcana F.v.M.
31. Lucalyptus Planchoniana F.v.M. 72, Eucalyptus ee a ee Plates, 41-44. (Issued November, 1907.)
eC pinticsr REVISION OF FHE
GCeNUsS MUCABYETUS
BY
Je Tels IWOAIDIDIEDIN| | GSMO). TE IRgSi 18 SERSS
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
Wom Ve Ara | Part XLI of the Complete Work.
(WITH FOUR PLATES.)
“« Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and combining them. Even when a system has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter, or to reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by antiquity, and transmits that hoard. augmented by fresh acquisitions, to future ages. In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, and
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.’’ Macautay’s ‘‘ Essay ON MILTON.”
PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE,
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES,
Sydney:
WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP-STREET.
*83573—A 1920,
CCOXXIII, Eucalyptus latifolia Fv.M.
Deseription Range Affinities
CCXXIV. Eucalyptus Foelscheana F.v.M.
Description 0 ‘ : ° ‘; : Form 1 (Are there two forms ?) Form 2 Lanceolar-leaved form
Range
Affinities
CCXXV. Eucalyptus Abergiana Fy.M.
Description
Range Affinities . : ( .
CCXX VI, Eucalyptus pachyphylla ¥.v.M. Description ° ° ° : ° : e : 5
History of a confusion Synonyms. . ° : : : : Variety sessilis var. nov. Range—
of typical or normal species .
of sessile-fruited form. (var. sessilis) Affinities
IY) 1 ap)
CXIV. Eucalyptus pyriformis Turczaninow, Variety Kingsmillt Maiden.
Description Range Affinity
XCHI, Eucalyptus Oldfieldit F.v.M. Description : : 4 é ; : Range
Affinities
CCXX VII. Eucalyptus Drummondit Bentham.
Description
Synonym . . : ‘ : : . Range
Affinities
Explanation of Plates .
2k Zag
DESCRIPTION,
COXXIIM. EF. latifolia F.v.M.
Journ. Linn. Soc. 11, 94 (1859).
FOLLOWING 1s a translation of the original :-—
A tree with somewhat terete branchlets, leaves sub-opposite or scattered, with rather long petioles, broad or orbicular-ovate, obtuse, glaucescent, opaque, imperforate, thinly penniveined, intramarginal vein very close to the edge, umbels terminal, paniculate, few flowered, peduncles and pedicels angular, these twice as long as the former (#. melanophloia, &ec.). Fruits sub-campanulate, ecostate, 3-4 celled, flat at the vertex, valves touching at the rim.
Growing in riparian level ground, at the upper part of the Roper River, 8th July, 1856. Flowered in the summer. .
A small or medium-sized tree, the bark, after the falling of the last ashy-coloured strips, is smooth and yellowish. Leaves 2-3, rarely 4 inches long, often 2 inches broad, with a petiole of almost an inch long, thickly and faintly penniveined as those of ZF. bigalerita (E. alba Reinw., see Part XXV, p. 96, of the present work). Umbels simply and compositely paniculate. Fruit about 3 lines long, the margin slightly bent back at the mouth. Valves included. I have not found the flowers.
In habit similar to £. bigalerita, but in its characters rather resembling E. dichromophloia.
In spite of his reference to the inflorescence, it was either not seen by Mueller, or he had lost it (see under #. Foelscheana, p. 8). At all events, it has been figured (fig. 2b, Plate 168) for the first time. The individual umbels have six to twelve flowers. The colour of the timber is red.
Then Bentham (B.FI. i, 255) described it in English as foilows :—
A small or middle-sized tree, with a smooth ash-grey bark, tardily separating from the inner brownish bark, also smooth (F. Mueller). Leaves alternate, or here and there almost opposite, petiolate, ovate, obtuse, with transverse parallel veins, rather more prominent and not so close as in the allied narrow-leaved species. Flowers rather large, four to six in each umbel, in a large terminal corymbose panicle. Peduneles terete ; pedicels terete, shorter than the calyx-tube. Calyx-tube broadly turbinate, four to five lines in diameter, rather thick. Operculum very short, slightly convex. Anthers ovate-oblong, with parallel distinct cells. Fruits globose-truncate or urceolate-globose, with a very short neck, smooth, and not ribbed, 3 to 4 lines in diameter, the rim thin; the capsule deeply sunk. Seeds winged.
RANGE.
The type came from the upper part of the Roper River, and Bentham adds ** Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria,’ whence it was collected by Robert Brown about 1802, but what I have seen collected by that botanist on the islands belongs to E. Foelscheana. So far } have only seen specimens of £. latifolia from the Northern Territory and the big islands north of it. The Roper River, of course, flows into the western side of the Gulf of Carpentaria,
Following are notes on Northern Territory specimens in the National Herbarium,
Sydney :— :
“ Grows on heavy soil and is associated with L. pupuana and FL. terminalis. The wood is soft.” Has the ordinary friable Bloodwood bark, Bathurst Island (G. F. Hill, No. 464). Mr. Hill kindly sent a photograph of this tree. Bathurst Island (G. F. Hill, No. 469). In flower, which is fragrant.
“White bark, flaking off in places in strips. Conical fruits ”’ (perhaps a reference to the narrow mouths). McKinlay River flats (Dr. Jensen, No. 388). “ Bloodwood,” McKinlay River flats (Dr. Jensen, No. 390).
Pine and Horseshoe Creeks (EK. J. Dunn and R. J. Winters).
“ Bloodwood,” fairly large tree, near Pine Creek (C. E. F. Allen, No. 107).
Note (a). “ Bastard Bloodwood.” “‘ Similar in habit to the Bastard Bloodwoods and Cabbage Gums identified as 2. grandijolia and EB. Foelscheana (narrow leaf tall form). The leaf is always stout and untwisted, but in the roughish bark, with red gummy splashes, and the crooked habit of the tree, it resembles the other two.” (Jensen, No. 385).
Note (0). ‘Crooked limbed small tree, growing however in other places up to 40 feet high. Roughish bark except on branches where it is white and smooth. Stem up to 12 inches in diameter. Capsules in small terminal racemes. Leaves ovate.” Pine Creek (Dr. Jensen, No. 357).
“Cabbage Gum,” near Wandi (Dr. Jensen, No. 383). .““ Bastard Bloodwood.” Roughish bark over most of the stem, branches often smooth. Near Wandi (Dr. Jensen, No. 385).
“Timber pale red in colour.” Woolgni (Dr. Jensen, No. 401). “ Broad leaf type.” Umbrawarra (Dr. Jensen, No. 411). “Stem like £. papuana.”” Cullen River, Woolgni and Umbrawarra (Dr. Jensen, No. 418). The leaves with insect markings, like EL. brachyandra F.v.M. Artesian Range, North-Western Australia (W. V. Fitz- gerald, No. 1358).
Between Bull Oak and Crescent Lagoon, track Cullen Creek (Prof. Baldwin Spencer); track to Cullen Creek, Katharine River, &c. (Prof. Baldwin Spencer) (with insect markings).
APE TIN SS.
1. With FE. dichromophloia F.v.M.
The original description says that H. latifolia in its characters rather resembles E, dichromophloia, and they appear to be closest related. Both are Bloodwoods, but E. dichromophloia has bark of a redder cast. Both have red timbers.
The foliage of the two trees is usually very different,—that of H. latifolia being broad, while that of 4. dichromophlov is narrow. Compare Plate 168 with Plate 165 of Part XL. The buds and fruits are sufficiently approximate to require care.
(Reference omitted from p. 319, Part XL) (H. dichromophloia and E. corymbosa).
It has been already observed that the large-fruited forms of EF. dichromephloia display a good deal of similarity to EH. corymbosa. The juvenile leaves enable us to emphasise points of difference. f we turn to Plate 161, Part XX XIX (£. corymbosa) we have juvenile leaves figured at 5, 6, 7a, and an intermediate leaf figured at 7b. The juvenile leaves of H. corymbosa are pedunculate, glabrous or with weak hairs; those of E. dichromophloia are sessile, stem-clasping, and scabrous. The intermediate leaves are a good deal alike, those of 1. corymbosa being longer in proportion to the width, but the corresponding material of H. dichromophloia is not sufficiently abundant to speak finally. . The juvenile leaves of LH. dichromophloia (Old Battery, Hidsvold, Q., Dr. T. L. Bancroft, September, 1919) came too late to be figured on Plate 165. They are the - first I have seen, to my knowledge. I cannot do better than say that I cannot distin- guish them from some of the figures of H. setosa on Plate 158, Part XXXVIIL They seem replicas of figs. 5 and 8, and almost as scabrous. The mature leaves of the two species are, of course, very different, but the intermediate leaves of this specimen of E. dichromophlova are very broad and lanceolate, as broad as those of the juvenile
leaves.
2. With £. Foelscheana ¥.v.M. See p. 8.
3. With EB. corymbosa Sm.
“ #. latifolia has very broad even roundish leaves, and belongs, on account of its smooth bark, to the section Leiophloie, unless this be subject to exceptions.” (*« Kucalyptographia,” under &. corymbosa.) It is not correct to say that F. latifolia isa member of the Leiophloiw, although there are Bloodwoods with barks more scaly. We do not know the extent to which some of these tropical Bloodwoods vary in regard to the roughness of thei barks.
DESCRIPTION. COXXIV. EF, Foelscheana F.v.M.
In The Chemist and Druggist of Australasia, November, 1882.
A pwarr tree, or only of shrubby growth; branchlets robust, not angular; leaves scattered or exceptionally opposite, on rather short stalks, ovate or verging into a roundish form, sometimes very large, always of firm consistence, blunt or at the summit slightly pointed, greyish-green on both sides, not much paler beneath; their primary veins very divergent or almost horizontally spreading, numerous and thus closely approximated, but subtle and therefore not prominent; the circumferential vein contiguous to the margin of the leaf; oil-dots concealed or obliterated; wmbels four to six-flowered or rarely three-flowered, forming a terminal panicle; calyces pear-shaped, on longish or rarely short stalks, faintly angular, not shining; lid not so broad as the tube of the calyx, very depressed or some- times conspicuously raised towards the centre, tearing off in an irregular transverse line, long retained and soon reflexed from the last point of adherence; stamens all fertile, bent inward before expansion ; filaments yellowish-white, some of the outer dilated towards the base; anthers (when fresh) almost cuneate- ovate or the inner more oblong and the outer slightly cordate, all bursting anteriorly by longitudinal slits ; connective reddish, with a slight dorsal turgidity towards the summit; style much exceeded in length by the stamens; stigma not dilated; fruit large, urceolar, not angular; valves generally four, nearly deltoid, inserted much below the narrow edge of the fruit, at last deeply enclosed; fertile seeds large, terminated by a conspicuous membrane; sterile seeds very slender.
The species, above defined, is flowering already at the height of 18 inches (as is the case also with E. cordata and E. vernicosa), therefore, when still quite young, producing then a comparatively large cluster of blossoms; the full-grown tree seldom exceeds a height of 20 feet, and always remains of cripply stature. Stem-diameter to 9 inches, or rarely more; bark, dark grey, rough; leaves of young plants often twice, or even thrice, the size of those of old trees. (Original description.)
Mueller again described it, with slightly different verbiage, and also figured it in the “ Eucalyptographia.” The “ Eucalyptographia” figure and description can be taken as referring to the type; they were put in hand within a few weeks after the publication of the original description.
“ I have measured a juvenile leaf 15 by 11 inches, and was informed that larger ones could have been collected.
It will be observed that Mueller speaks of the species as rarely exceeding a height of 20 feet, and that if ‘‘ always remains of a cripply nature.” In the “ Eucalypto- graphia ” he speaks of “the greatest height attained about 20 feet. Stem diameter only to 12 inches asa maximum.” It attains the height of “ 30 feet or more ” at Burrundie.
It would appear that there are variations as regards bark and leaves in this species. Until more field observations are available, let us refer to them as Form 1 and Form 2. It is probable that the two forms may be reconcilable as belonging to the same species.
Form 1. (The bark.) Description of type bark 445. (Typical of, say, 24 miles around Darwin, and therefore presumably typical of the species.) Hard-scaly, about 1 cm. thick, in longitudinal furrows, and cracking less deeply transversely, so as to form tessers longer than wide, but the precise sizes of each tessera yariable,
5
Form 2. (The bark.) Description of type bark 450. (Typical of the Stapleton district. )
This bark is thin-scaly, simply peeling off in irregular flakes of the thickness of brown paper. As compared with the bark of No. 445, that of 450 appears to be from a young, or a stunted tree.
Form 1. (The leaves.) Common in the species within, say, 24 miles of Darwin.
“ Those about Darwin have smaller, thinner, and narrower leaves.” (G. F. Hill.) Mr. Hill is apparently referring to leaves of the shape of fig. 4a, Plate 169, and he is perhaps emphasising his Nos. 344 and 445 (Darwin) too much. At the same time we must remember that those of the type are described as “‘ ovate or verging on a roundish form.” Around Darwin most of the leaves would be from second-growth plants.
The form from Darwin and near Darwin is usually found on dry, shotty ironstone or sandy loam (well drained) or on stony land (about Darwin), usually associated with E, tetradonta, grandifolia, miniata, and my No. 398 (“ Smooth-stemmed Bloodwood ”’), (G. F. Hill.)
Form 2. (The leaves.) Further down the railway line, say from 34 miles to 69 miles, and probably much further. The Stapleton form (69 miles from Darwin).
“The foliage of the Stapleton specimens is denser, leaves more ‘ fleshy * and generally more rounded.” (G. F. Hill.) This is a fair description of the typical form. Mr. Hill says that the Stapleton form grows on the flats or on the foothills very near flats, sometimes on stony country, sometimes on alluvial soil. “ The Stapleton form is generally associated with the sp. represented by my 448, 449, LE. papuana, E. grandi- jolia, and E. terminalis.
“ The bark of the two forms is very distinct, as will be seen by comparing 445 and 450.” (G. F. Hill.) Lanceolar-leaved form.
We must recognise that lanceolar leaves occur in this species. “Specimens without fruit, brought by R. Brown in 1802, during Captain Flinders’ Expedition from Carpentaria, may also belong to E. Foelscheana, although the leaves pass into a lanceolar form.’’ (Original description.)
Mueller amplifies these remarks in the following :—
_ “Some specimens without fruit, brought by Robert Brown already during Capt. Flinders’ Expedi- tion from Carpentaria, and presented to the Melbourne Botanic Museum by Sir Joseph Hooker, may belong to an extreme form of H. Foelscheana, although the leaves pass into a lanceolar form, and the flower-stalklets are of lesser length.’ (‘‘ Eucalyptographia,’’ under EH. Foelscheana.)
Brown’s specimen is figured at fig. 1, Plate 170. It does not seem useful to give this lanceolar form a variety name, as it 1s a transition form, as will be seen from examination of the other figures.
B
RANGE.
Confined to the Northern Territory, so far as we know.
“Near Port Darwin, on sandy soil; Mr. Paul Foelsche. Found also in other northern portions of Arnhem’s Land, by Mr. J. McKinlay.” (Original description.) In the “ EKucalyptographia,” Bridge Creek, which is near Darwin (Burkitt), was added. It will be observed that I have added a number of other Territory localities, all within the tropics. It has still to be searched for in the Cape York Peninsula (Queensland) and in the Kimberley country (North-west Australia).
WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
Small fruits, broadly lanceolate leaves. Derby (C. H. Ostenfeld). I quote this specimen doubtfully, as although it simulates a small-fruited 2. Foelscheana, the material is so imperfect that it may be a coarse form of B. dichromophloia. At the same time our Western Australian friends should be on the lookout for /. Foelscheana in the tropical portion of their State.
NorRTHERN TERRITORY.
Huge juvenile foliage, very urceolate fruits. Near Darwin (Prof. Baldwin Spencer, W. 8. Campbell. N. Holtze).
“On stony foothills and on flats at foot of hills. Associated with LE. setosa, EL. miniata, and Coolabah, No. 448. Timber sent, also bark, bark of trunk and branches similar throughout. Buds, flowers, fruit.” Stapleton (G. F. Hill, No. 450). Inflores- cence forming an open panicle. “‘ From tree idistinguishable from 450.” Stapleton (G. F. Hill, No. 452). ‘‘ Tree indistinguishable from 450.” Stapleton (G. F. Hill, No. 455),
“ Bloodwood, rough bark on trunk and branches, narrow-leaved form. Small tree (see bark from trunk). Flowers about July, fruits 25th October, 1915.” Darwin (G. F. Hill, No. 344). A form with wnuswally narrow leaves.
“ B. Foelscheana. Typical of £. Foelscheana in vicinity of Darwin, and 20 miles south of Darwin.” (Note my specimen No. 344 determined as above by you.) Sample of timber, bark, and fruit with seed.” 20 miles 8.E. of Darwin (G. F. Hill, No. 445). Pedicellate, broad lanceolate leaves.
The following is an interesting note made by Dr. H. J. Jensen, in 1916, referring to some of the above specimens :—
344, EF. Foelscheanu, also 358, 367, 368.
“A further specimen of the broad-leaved type 368 with fruits was collected by me in December last. It was rather surprising to find that the narrow-leaved trees 344
5)
and 358 were the same as 368, as the tree in ‘“‘ Eucalyptographia ” was described as low, shrubby, and broad-leaved, and I know it well at Brook’s Creek and Bridge Creek
where I believe Inspector Foelsche collected his type material. In those localities it is
7
never, to my present knowledge, seen more than 15 feet high. It is a low scrub, found principally on clayey clay-slate and schist-flats, leaves very fleshy, flowers in huge bunches at end of branches, flowers very fleshy; pods large. The specimens at Burrundie, however, grow to a height of 30 feet or more—both broad leaf and narrow leaf form, and the tree has the appearance of the Cabbage Gum. ‘The leaves are not as large as usual in the scrubby form. Wood white ant proof.”
“ Bastard Bloodwood. Now in flower, has rough bark to top of branches, narrow-leaved form. Another variety has bark like Moreton Bay Ash. Both have reddish resinous splashes on bark. Leaves similar in both.” Burrundie, November, 1915 (Dr. Jensen, No. 358).
Leaves variable in size and shape, Brook’s Creek; Pine and Horseshoe Creeks ; Pine Creek Railway (EK. J. Dunn, R. J. Winters). “ Large tree.” Near Pine Creek (C. E. F. Allen, No. 108). Narrewish leaves, open panicle.
* Tree similar to 365, 366. Terminal branches erect; leaves more rounded.” _ 30 miles south-east of Darwin (G. F. Hill, No. 367).
“ Broad-leaved form. Medium-sized tree; trunk covered with rough scaly bark; branches smooth, large sucker leaf.” Batchelor, about 60 miles south of Darwin (Dr. H. I. Jensen, No. 368).
Mature and immature fruits. Umbrawarra (Dr. Jensen, No. 416). “On horntels country, north of Umbrawarra, and on blocky schist country at Woolgni occurs a Bloodwood-like gum with broad leaves like #. Foelscheana, bark mostly smooth, but a little fine scaly bark at base like 2. papuana, seed pods larger and urn-shaped, having a more marked rim than those of 2. Foelscheane. Leaves, sucker leaves, wood, sent under Nos. 417, 418, 419, and 420. This tree grows on both ridges and flats, and seems variable in size and shape of pod. &. Foelscheana collected in same locality on a small flat, has bark all rough. Seeds without rim, otherwise similar (No. 416).” Umbrawarra (Dr. Jensen, No. 417). Fruits somewhat elongated.
“ Rough bark almost to top, large fruits.” McKinlay River flats (Dr. Jensen, No. 387). :
Edith Creek; also Track to Katharine River, widely spread; also coarse foliage, fruits not large and hardly urceolate, near Katharine River (Prof. Baldwin Spencer).
“Leaf like #. Foelscheana, bark lke E. papuana. Associated with LE. setosa. Pedicellate juvenile leaves (? intermediate form). Woolgni (Dr. Jensen, No. 420). Thin juvenile leaves. Woolgni, Cullen River (Dr. Jensen, 415); thin pedicellate juvenile leaves, Cullen River, on banks (Dr. Jensen, No. 419).
Robert Brown’s specimens, collected 1802-5, and distributed from the British Museum in 1876 under the labels— (a) (Islands of) Gulf of Carpentaria ; (b) No. 4779, E. latifolia F.M. (E£. compacta R.Br.), North Coast ; are H. Foelscheana. They are the lanceolate leaved form of the species.
AFFINITIES.
1. With E. terminalis F.v.M.
“ E. Foelscheana belongs to the series exemplified by H. terminalis. . . . . If it was not for the great diversity of habit, E. Foelscheana might be approximated very closely to H. terminalis.’’ (** Hucalyptographia,” under £. Foelscheana.)
Compare Plates 164 and 165 (Part XL) for LZ. terminalis, with Plates 169 and 170, this Part, for BE. Foelscheana. EF. Foelscheana is a smaller, more gnarled tree, with very much coarser foliage. The fruits of F. terminalis are longer and narrower, usually less urceolate, or, if urceolate, more high-shouldered. Those of both species may be very large. Both have red timbers.
2. With £. latifolia F.v.M.
In some respects it is allied to FE. latifolia; the leaves, however, are larger and not decurrent at the base; the petioles are comparatively shorter and, as well as the branchlets, less slender; the peduncles and pedicels are thicker and less angular; the calyces larger, not roundish-blunt at the base, and therefore not passing suddenly into a pedicel of upwards unincreased thickness ; the fruit is much larger, at least twice as long as broad; and considerably contracted towards the summit, thus not almost semi-ovate; the flowers of the real E. latifolia are as yet unknown, and may prove different from those of the Z. Foelscheana , though their anthers, seen as remnants, show the same form.’’ (Original description.)
He repeats these observations in almost the same words, and adds “ A few adherent anthers of 2. latifolia do, however, exhibit the same form. These two species hold almost the same relation to each other as /. urnigera to E. cordata” (“ Eucalyptographia ”’ under E. Foelscheuna).
Compare Plates 168 and 169. E. Foelscheana is a very much coarser species than 2. lutijolia, as regards its inflorescence and fructification. |The former species shows greater extremes of size in leaves than does the latter; I have not seen huge leaves nor lanceolar ones in ZL. latiJolia. The fruit of that species is smaller, less urceolate, the orifice smaller, and has slenderer peduncles and pedicels.
3. With E. setosa Schauer.
The affinities with this species are less close. Compare Plate 158, Part XX XVIII, for fruits of E. setusa, which are large, and frequently of the same shape’as those of E. Foelscheanw, but those of the latter are always glabrous. The leaves of the two species are very different, while /. setosa is often a moderately large, umbrageous tree.
DESCRIPTION.
COXXV. E. Abergiana F.v.M.
In Fragm. xi, 41 (1878).
SHORTLY afterwards Mueller redescribed it in English in the “ Eucalyptographia ” with a Plate. The “ Eucalyptographia ” description so nearly follows the original that it may be stated here as equivalent to it.
Finally very tall; leaves scattered, of thick consistence, oval or elongated-lanceolar, hardly inequi- lateral, shining above, opaque beneath ; the lateral veins copious subtle and very spreading, the longitudinal vein almost contiguous to the margin of the leaves, or but slightly removed from the edge; panicles terminal ; flower-stalks thick, almost cylindrical, the ultimates bearing 2-6 flowers on exceedingly short or without stalklets; calyces pale, their tube truncate-ovate, nearly twice as long as the almost hemispheric lid, not angular; stamens all or nearly all fertile, inflexed before expansion; anthers oval, with nearly longitudinal dehiscence; stigma very slightly dilated; fruits large, oval-urnshaped, smooth, with a thin margin and with four enclosed at first horizontal valves; fertile seeds expanding from their summit into a long membrane, much longer than the slender sterile seeds.
On the mountains, near Rockingham Bay; Dallachy.
A lofty tree, with persistent bark and very expanding branches. Heart-wood very hard, reddish. Branchlets in some instances slender and somewhat angular, in other cases thick and cylindrical. Leaf- stalks 3-14 inches long. Leaves measuring 24—4 inches in length or occasionally longer, rarely shortened to an almost oval form, 1-2 inches broad, often very gradually narrowed upwards, blunt at the base. Panicle almost corymbous; its ultimate flower-stalks generally about 1 inch long, as well as the branchlets; pale, not shining. The wnopened calyces egg-shaped, their very blunt and rather thick lid rather separating by a horizontal rupture than by a well-defined suture of circumcision; the tube in flowering state about 3 an inch long, sometimes subsequently slightly turbinate. A few of the outer stamens occasionally devoid of anthers; filaments, according to the note of the collector, whitish in a fresh state, but reddish-yellow when dry; the longer filaments 4-5 lines long. Avthers hardly $a line long; their cells separated by a broad connective. Style half-included within the calyx, exceeded by the stamens. Fruit 1 inch long, or somewhat longer, not angular; the valves deltoid-sha ped, hardly } inch long. Fertile seeds very compressed, terminated by a semi-oval membrane, giving a length of about 4 inch for the whole seed, including the appendage.
In the “* Eucalyptographia ” it is stated to be “ a lofty tree with persistent bark and very expanding branches,” and with reddish timber. I do not know of any tree belonging to this species which may be called “ lofty ” or “ stately ” (loc. e7t.), but the species is very little known, and should be further investigated.
10
RANGE.
The type came from the Coast Range near Rockingham Bay, Queensland, near 18 deg. south latitude, and we do not certainly know it from any other locality.
QUEENSLAND.
“Tree 15 or 20 feet high, rough bark.” Coast Range, Rockingham Bay (J. Dallachy). The type.
AFFINITIES.
1. With E. ptychocarpa F.v.M.
“ Approaches to 2. ptychocarpa, with which it agrees in the size and shape of its fruit, but the latter i8in no way lined with prominent longitudinal ridges, nor are the flowers provided with conspicuous stalklets.’’ (“ Eucalyptosraphia,’’ under B. Abergiana.)
These ridges sharply separate the two species, which will be further compared when H. ptychocarpa is dealt with.
2. With &. miniata A. Cunn.
“This species differs from #. Abergiana in narrower leaves, opaque on both sides, axillary solitary flower stalks, longitudinally angular calyces, longer anthers, larger fruits and seeds without any appendage.”’ (“ Euealyptographia,’” under £. Abergiana.)
For EF. miniata, see Plate 96, Part XXII. The obvious differences are elongated ribbed fruits of #. miniata rarely urceolate as in 2. Abergiana. The ribbing extends to the buds. | The coarse inflorescence is sessile as to pedicels in both species.
3. With EF. Watsoniana F.v.M.
“EF. Watsoniana again recedes in narrower leaves, equally coloured on other side, calyces with a varnish lustre and fixed to distinct stalklets, a widely dilated lid which over-reaches the orifice of the calyx- tube, longer stamens, fruits wider at the summit with a furrowed broader rim and unappendiculated seeds.”’ ( Eucalyptographia,’? under £. Abergiana.)
The differences of these two species will be dealt with in the next Part (under FE. Watsoniana).
4. With EF. corymbosa Sm.
“ EB. corymbosa, which likewise oécurs as far north as Rockingham Bay, is separated from H. Aber- giana by its narrower leaves, acute at the base, angular and more slender flower-stalks, smaller calyces provided with stalklets and not pale-coloured, a thinner and not obtuse lid, which separates by a distinct suture of the calyx, smaller fruits, more contracted upwards, and the lesser appendage of the seeds.”’ (“ Eucalyptographia,’’ under Z. Abergiana.)
El
And again “ If it were necessary to point out any differences of H. corymbosa and E. Abergiana, we need only allude again to the colour of the stamens ; —besides Z. corymbosa has its flowers and fruits smaller, the seeds wholly or nearly destitute of any appendage, and the seedlings purplish-hispid, with short-stalked elliptic opposite leaves; while Z. Abergiana is still further removed by the want of stalklets of its flowers and by the larger and wider lid, although the seeds are here again conspicuously appendiculated.’’ (“ Eucalyptographia,’’ under Z. ficifolia.)
For E. corymbosa see Plates 161 and 162 in Part XXXIX. In that species, pedicels are present and the peduncles more slender. The buds and fruits are smaller
and less coarse; the fruits of 2. Abergiana are less urceolate and the rims thicker. The foliage of E. Abergiana is coarser.
5. With £. terminalis F.v.M.
“ B. terminalis is distinguished in a similar manner from EZ. Abergiana as E. corymbosa, except the seeds, but besides in the paler foliage, the leaves being of equal colour on both sides, necessitating stomata on each, and not merely on the underside as in £. Abergiana; thus also the latter, like all the species with only hypogenous stomata, forms a more shady tree, its leaves expanding more horizontally, whereas E. terminalis, like the majority of its congeners, turns its leaves more vertically.’’ (‘* Hucalyptographia,”’ under 2. Abergiana.)
Let us turn to Plate 164, Part XL, as regards figures of HL. terminalis. E. terminalis (so far as we know) is the larger tree; 2. Abergiana is stockier, and with thicker, coarser foliage. #, Abergiana has very short pedicels or none, while the fruits of E. terminalis are cylindroid rather than urceolate.
6. With EF. calophylla R.Br.
“ B. Abergiana can be separated from E. calophylla and E. terminalis by the want of stalklets of its calyces, and from the latter besides by the broader and above dark-green leaves.’’ (“ Hucalyptographia,”’ under B. corymbosa).
This will be referred to when F. calophylla is reached.
12
DESCRIPMON:
COXXVI. E. pachyphylla Fv.M. In Journ. Linn. Soc. ii, 98 (1859).
THE description may be translated in the following words :—
Shrubby, with angular young branches, and alternate leaves on moderately long petioles, thickly coriaceous, ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, hardly unequal-sided, not perforate, finely penniveined, the peripheral vein remote from the margin; with axillary umbels irregularly 3-flowered, the peduncles and pedicels very short. Flowers not known. The tube of the fruiting-calyx depressed-hemispherical, with four distinct ribs and more indistinct ones, with raised margins, the capsules 4- to 5-celled, convex at the top, with somewhat exserted valves, the fertile seeds with narrow wings, rather light-coloured.
Hab. In a sandy desert at Hooker’s Creek (Northern Territory). Flowering time, autumn,
Shrub of the height of a fathom or slightly higher. Leaves mostly 14 to 24 inches long, opaque in dry specimens. Flowers not known. Fruits 6 to 8 lines in diameter, the margin just produced above the valves. Fertile seeds with the wings added 1} lines long. Near to E. alpina.
It will be observed that the flowers were unknown to the original describer, and that the “ peduncles and pedicels (are) very short.”’
It was then described by Bentham in B.Fl. iii, 237. Inter alia the fruits are described as nearly sessile.
Then Mueller figured it in ‘‘ Eucalyptographia,” but the plate, as regards the flowering and fruiting twig, is made up of more than one plant; in other words it is in part an accidental fake. The material of this species in the Melbourne Herbarium had in course of years, from Mueller’s time onwards, become a good deal mixed up. Recently Prot. Ewart forwarded the whole of it to me for examination. I am satisfied that in the “ Kucalyptographia ” plate the leaves and fruits belong to the type, although a peduncle is not shown and the pedicels are shown too long (see figs. 1 and 2, Plate 171, of the present work).
The buds and flowers in the ‘‘ Eucalyptographia”’ plate do not belong to the type. They really came from Glen of Palms, Macdonnell Range (E. Giles).
Then come my notes on the species in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., lii, 507 (1918), from which the following notes are extracted :—
In Ewart and Davies’ “Flora of the Northern Territory,” p. 306 (1917), | indicated that I believe this is a valid species, and that my H. pyriformis Turez., var, minor (present work, Part XVII, pages 232 and 235) should merge init. I desire to draw attention to this species, which is in some confusion,
13
Bentham, as stated, described the species, but he pointed out the inadequacy of the material, and even doubted if it should be given specific rank. In Fragm. x, 5 (1876), Mueller recorded it from Glen of Palms, Macdonnell Range, Northern Territory (EE. Giles), and described the flowers (5-7 and nearly sessile) for the first time. He indicated its true affinity to EB. pyriformis.
Mueller then figured the species in his “ Eucalyptographia,” and as usual he missed the opportunity of figuring the type.
From Tanami, western Northern Territory (Dr. H. I. Jensen, No. 206, 1914), I have received both E. pachyphylla (resembling No. 371) and a small-flowered E. pyrijormas under the same number, and undoubtedly the species are closely related.
Mueller’s “ Eucalyptographia ’’ plate of this rare species is misleading to the extent that it will cause most people to think that it correctly depicts his EH. pachy- phylla. As a matter of fact, it shows a multiflowered, pedicellate form. To put botanists on their guard, I considered it at one time desirable to indicate the plant figured by Mueller as var. pedicellata.
SYNONYMS.
1. E. pyriformis Turez., var. minor Maiden (in part).
2. FE. pachyphylla F.v.M., var. pedicellata Maiden.
1. E. pyriformis Turez., var. minor Maiden in part. This work, Part XVII, p. 230, also Plate 75, figs. 5 and 6 (figs. 7a and 7b are H. Oldfieldii ¥.v.M.).
There was an unfortunate mix-up of material in the Melbourne Herbarium shortly after Mueller’s death, referred to at p. 12.
2. E. pachyphylla ¥.v.M., var. pedicellata Maiden in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., lii, 508 (1918).
Misled by the original description (a) of the peduncles and pedicels as very short, (b) of Bentham’s description of the fruits as “ nearly sessile,” (c) by Mueller’s description of the flowers of the Glen of Palm specimens as “ nearly sessile ” (having seen them I would call them “sessile ””), but particularly by (d) the upper part of the ‘‘ Eucalypto- graphia” plate, where Mueller shows two clusters of buds and flowers sessile (the cluster of fruits has exaggerated pedicels), I looked upon the normal form as sessile, and, therefore, a form with pedicels as worthy of a varietal name, pedicellata. I now find that the normal state of the species is pedicellate, so that the variety pedicellata must fall, while a variety sessilis has been proposed at p. 14,
C
14
VARIETY. Var. sessilis var, nov.
I have already shown that confusion has arisen in regard to the presence or absence of pedicels in this species. The pedicellate (normal) and non-pedicellate forms should, however, be distinguished by a name, and therefore I propose the name sessilis for the latter. The specimens, Glen of Palms, Macdonnell Range, Northern Territory (E. Giles), may be taken as the type of the proposed variety (see figs. 4a to c, Plate 171).
RANGE.
(Of normal form, @.e., with pedicellate inflorescence. )
NORTHERN TERRITORY. The sheet in Herb. Melb, labelled “ £. pachyphylla Verd. Mueller, Hooker's Creek, Dr. M.” and which refers to the type. consists of two leaves, together with loose pedi- sured inthe * Kucalyptographia’’ plate, but
fo)
cellate fruits, evidently the same as those fi with shorter pedicels than figured therein. See figs. lu, 1b, Plate 171. They belong to the type. (1 would again remind my readers that the buds and flowers shown on the “ Kucalyptographia ” plate do not belong to the type.)
Small tree of 10 feet. Tanami, western Northern Territory, collected by Dr. H. J. Jensen (C. E. F. Allen, No. 206). Flowers only, shortly pedicellate. It is difficult, and perhaps impossible, to separate these flowers from those labelled “ Sources of the Georgina River.”
(JUEENSLAND.
“HB. pachyphylla, F.v.M.,” Pituri Creek, a tributary of the Georgina River, Western Queensland (Alfred Henry, 1889). A few fruits only. See fig. 2, Plate 171. The fruit is a little smaller than that of the type. ji Linda Creek. [I cannot trace this. Can it be the same as Lander Creek, a few lines below?] One fruit only. Shortly pedicellate; fig. 3, Plate 171. As compared with the type, this is of greater diameter and with more ribs on the calyx-tube.
The following in fruit only :— A. “Interior of $.A.” (doubtless Northern Territory). Figured at 5a and 5b, Plate 75.
B. 60 miles west of Camp IV, Lander Creek, Northern ‘Territory, 22nd June, 1911 (G. F. Hill, No. 371).
15
Sessile, single, large-fruited form. A specimen in leaf and flower only, labelled by Mueller “ 2. pachyphylla F.v.M. (Strongylanthere), W. H. Cornish, 1885,” precisely matches the flowering specimen(Glen of Palms, /. Giles) in the ‘‘Eucalyptographia”’ plate. Figured at 6a-6d, Plate 75. This is the plant referred to as from the Mulligan River, Western Queensland, this work, Part XVI, p. 235.
RANGE (of var. sesseées var. nov.).
NorTHERN TERRITORY.
“W. Austral. Expedition, Glen of Palms, H. Giles, 1872,” in Luehmann’s writing, “Hi, pachyphylla ¥.M.”’ in Mueller’s writing.
These specimens are in flower and bud only, are sessile, and are interesting because in Fragm. x, 5(1876), Mueller first described the flowers (5-7 and nearly sessile) from them. I look upon them as quite sessile, and they are depicted in Mueller’s “ Kucalyptographia ” plate (flowers and buds only).
Glen of Palms is on the Finke River, just south of the Kuichauff Range. — It formed Camp 44, Horn Expedition. In the report of this Expedition, Botany, by Prot. R. Tate, at p. 158, he records Giles’ specimen, and also Krichaufi Range (Kempe), a specimen to be presently referred to; also gorge of Reedy Creek, ravine on south side of Mt. Tate, on Mt. Sonder, all localities in the Macdonnell Ranges.
The Rey. H. Kempe, the collector above referred to, was located at the Moravian Mission Station, Hermannsburg, on the northern side of the Finke River, and about 1 mile north of the Krichauff Range. It was abandoned as a Mission Station in the early “ nineties.’” See Report, Horn Exped., p. 48. | There is a survey of the Station and its surroundings in Mr. C. Winnecke’s Report of the Expedition.
Immature (some slightly glaucous) fruits, Finke River (Kempe, 1880), are, as regards some of them, very fairly represented by 66, Plate 75; fruits immature, but a little more advanced are figured herewith.
Here we have a small fruited form. Leaves and ripe fruits, Finke River (Revd. W. Schwarz, 1886) are figured herewith. Mueller does not appear to have referred to these specimens anywhere.
15 miles west of Hugh River (a tributary of the Finke River), Macdonnell Ranges, N.T., 6th May, 1911(G. F. Mill, No. 147). Glaucous early fruits, 40 miles west of Camp IV, Lander Creek, N.T. 21st June, 1911 (G. F. Hill, No. 361). Flowers with most of the stamens dropped.
Still in the Macdonnell Ranges, at p. 35 of the Horn Expedition Report, we have “ June 17, 1894, Horn Exped., Camp 33, Deering Creek, height 2,210 feet. Travelled over sandridges covered with . . . . and Mallee (Hucalyptus pachyphylla).”
“ Bush, 8-12 feet high, on sand plain 9 miles N.E. of the permanent water of Winnecke’s on the Marshall.’”’ (Lieut. Dittrich.)
16
Luehmann’s label is “ N. of McDonnell Range, Plenty River, Marshall River, Milne River, Lake Nash (Lieut. Dittrich, 1886).” Mueller labelled it E. pachyphylla.
Plenty River near 8. lat. 23, unites with the Sandover River to form the Marshall or Hay River (N.T.). The Milne River runs into the Herbert River near the Northern Territory-Queensland boundary in 21° 8. lat. Lake Nash is near the Northern Territory—Queensland border near 21° 8. lat. 138° long. The material consists of a few loose buds and fruits, buds with pedicels on short peduncles, and with sharply pointed opercula and sharp, almost winged ribs, sharper than figured in Plate 75 or in the “ Eucalyptographia.”” The fruits (fig. 6, Plate 171) sessile. (These fruits very well match the sessile flowers figured in the “ Eucalyptographia. ”)
(JUEENSLAND. Labelled pachyphylla by F.v.M. :— 1. Sources of the Georgina River (Lieut. Dittrich, 1886). Flowers and buds only.
2. Dense bushes, 10-15 feet high, Spinifex sand plains, 27 miles west of the Rankin River, lat. 205227! -24” <— (a) Flowers with short pedicels and moderately ribbed opercula very pointed. (b) Buds, with label (as above), but buds rather more pedicellate.
Both (a) and (6) show how difficult it is to frame a character on the length of the pedicel. They certainly connect with the Tanami specimens.
The Georgina River of Western Queensland has its principal source in the Barkly Tableland, and receives the Lorne and Rankin’s Creeks from the Northern Territory. In the “ New Atlas of Australia ” (1886), the Rankin and the Lorne are shown as the same stream, in 20-21° S. lat., near the Queensland border.
These Queensland specimens collected by Lieut. Dittrich in 1886, for Mueller, were obtained near the Northern Territory—Queensland border, and on the same trip as those collected by the same traveller and recorded under Northern Territory. Arranging them geographically under two States is merely a matter of convenience.
APPIN] iS:
1. With F. alpina Lindl.
“Near to #. alpina”’ (original description). (See Part IX, Plate 41, for E. alpina.) The anthers of the two species are totally different. 2H. alpina is a rather broad-leaved small tree of mountain tops of a restricted range in Victoria. | The buds and fruits of H. alpina may be described as warted; the ridges, where present, are not as well defined as in FE. pachyphylla. The fruits are different, though sometimes possessing a resemblance.
17
2. E. cosmophylla ¥.v.M.
“In some respects they ” (the imperfect specimens of EL. pachyphylla) “ resemble E. cosmophylla and its allies, but the fruit, the seeds, and perhaps the inflorescence are different (B.FI. in, 237). Let us turn to Part XXI, Plate 91, for H. cosmophylla. In E. cosmophylla the flowers are usually in threes, and the calyx-tubes have usually one rib and the opercula none at all. The fruits differ a good deal, and the anthers still more. £. cosmophylla attains the size of a fairly large tree.
3. With E£. pyriformis Turcz.
This was first indicated by Mueller in Fragm. x, 5.
“ E. pachyphylla approaches the variety pruinosa of E. pyriformis [such a variety has never been technically defined.—J.H.M. |, butits flowers and fruits are much smaller, almost devoid of a general flower stalk (peduncle), and crowded to the number of about seven together (“‘ Eucalyptographia ” under EH. pyriformis). For E. pruinosa Turez., see this work, Part XVII, pp. 230-1. I have not seen the species, but Mueller says E. pachyphylla only “ approaches ”’ it.
There seems no doubt that both Mueller and I are correct in pointing out the affinity of Z. pachyphylla to E. pyriformis, and I went so far as to make the former a variety of the latter. Compare figures 5 and 6 (#. pachyphylla) with the rest of the figures on Plates 75 and 76 (H. pyriformis). The anthers are similar, and the chief differences lie in the size of the fruits and in the length of calyx-tube or at least pedicel.
a
4. With FE. pyriformis Turez., var. Kingsmilli Maiden.
The affinity of £. pachyphylla is, however, closer to this variety, but they differ, as regards the larger buds and fruits; the longer petioles and pedicels; the more pointed opercula; the ribs deeper, almost winged and more numerous, of var. Kingsmilli.
5. With E. Oldfieldii F.v.M.
E. Oldfieldii is under revision, but Part XVII, p. 223, may be turned to, and figs. 11, Plate 73, and figs. 1 and 2, Plate 74, consulted. All these are close to the type. Both species are Mallees, but in H. Oldfieldw the fruits are in threes, with no ribbing on either calyx-tube or operculum, and the rim of the fruit is domed.
Fig. 7, Plate 75 (Burracoppin), which I attributed to E. pyriformis var. minor (and specifically identical with H. pachyphylla), of which fruits and a few leaves are alone available, is a form of #. Oldfieldi1, with comparatively long stout pedicels. 1 have a note on it in Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., li, 455.
18
DESCRIPTION. CXIV. EF. pyriformis Turczaninow.
Tue following new variety, originally published in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., hi, 508 (1918), is figured in the present work for the first time (see also p. 229, Part XVII).
E. pyriformis Tures., var. Kingsmilli Maiden.
A shrub, or small tree attaining a height of about 20 feet, with rough bark on the trunk, the upper branches being smooth. The crimson flower-buds give the tree a most ornamental appearance.
Juvenile leaves (not seen in their earliest stage, 7.¢., not quite opposite, but earlier than I have ever seen them in any form of E£. pyriformis) narrow-lanceolate, say 4-6 cm. long and 1 cm. in the widest part, with petioles of about 1 em. Equally pale green on both sides, venation not conspicuous, the secondary veins at an angle of about 45° with the midrib.
Mature leaves apparently not different from those of the normal form of E. pyriformis.
Flowers in an umbel usually of three, with a rounded or flattened peduncle of about 4 em., with pedicels of half that length. Anthers as in #. pyriformis. Buds with calyx-tubes nearly hemispherical and about 2 cm. in diameter. The operculum continued into an almost pungent point. Both calyx-tube and operculum covered with about eight thin prominent wings, about 4 mm. deep, giving the buds a remarkable appearance. The style about 1-5 cm. long, persistent, with the stigma of scarcely increased diameter,
Dise at first concave, with a sharp raised inner ring flush with the top of the calyx-tube, which continues to grow upward, and at the samc ne expanding outwards, completely absorbing the concave cavity (noted in the early stages of its grow. until it reaches a height of 3-4 mm. above the level of the truncate calyx rim.
Fruit nearly hemispherical, 2-5 cm. in diameter, with eight prominent wings; these and the remainder of the calyx-tube (calycine rim) raised about the staminal ring.
This bizarre and showy variety, which promises to be an interesting addition to gardens in semi- tropical districts of low rainfall, is named in honour of the Hon. William Kingsmill, M.L.C., who has for many years taken a most active interest in forestry matters in Western Australia, and who has frequently assisted my botanical work for that State.
19
RANGE.
Confined to Western Australia as far as we know.
From the Kast Murchison to Lake Way. The type from close to a mining camp called Mount Keith, about 160 miles north of Leonora (W. Kingsmill, July, 1918).
I subsequently received the following specimen from the National Herbarium, Melbourne (Prof. Ewart). “‘ Bush of 10 feet.” Upper Ashburton River (W. Cuthbert- son, 1888). This is the variety Kingsmilli but with peduncles and pedicels shorter and fruits smaller than in the type.
AFFINITY.
With E. pachyphylla F.v.M. (see p. 17).
20
DESCRIPTION.
XC, FE. Oldfield F.v.M.
In Fragm. 11, 37 (1860).
Fo.Liow1nc is a translation of the original :—
A shrub, leaves alternate with rather long petioles, ovate or narrow lanceolate, thick, coriaceous the same colour on both sides, slightly curved, imperforate, faintly and spreadingly veined, peripheral vein fairly distant from the edge, umbels shortly pedunculate, 2- or 3-flowered, the almost hemispherical oper- culum narrowed into a short umbo slightly longer than the semi-globular tube of the subsessile calyx, the very convex top of the fruit broadly encircling the capsule, calyx-tube exangular, hemispherical, the vertex of the 3- or 4-celled capsule pyramidal and exsert, seeds without wings.
In sandy plains near the Murchison River—A. Oldfield.
A shrub 4-5 feet high. Bark red, with loose flakes. Branchlets angled, the older ones terete. Leaves shining, 24-5 inches long, $-14 inches broad at the lower part. Peduncles 14 up to a few lines long, thickened at the base. Buds 4-5 lines long, wrinkled. Fruits not broader than 4 inch; tube hemispherical, margin 2 lines broad. Valves or either the exsert part of the capsule itself 14 lines long, almost deltoid. Seeds sterile, 3-1 line long; the fertile ones hardly more than a line long and blackish.
It was described in English by Bentham in B. Fl. 11, 237, and figured and described by Mueller in his ‘ Eucalyptographia.”
Notes supplementary to the description.
It has an ovoid operculum usually more or less rostrate. Its juvenile fohage is petiolate and ovate, not broad, with the intramarginal vein distinctly removed from the edge. I have not seen it in its earliest stage.
It is a stiff shrub of 8 or 10 feet, with many thin stems close together, forming an impenetrable scrub, but not a true Mallee. It is not a timber tree.
The anther will be found figured at fig. 9, Plate 171. It will be seen that it is practically identical with that of 2. pyriformis (fig. 9, Plate 171), belonging to a group named by Mueller Strongylanthere.
2)
RANGE.
It is confined to Western and South Australia. Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia ’’) gives its range as from Champion Bay to the Murchison River in Western Australia, but the localities about to be quoted show that it extends to the Eastern gold-fields and to the South Australian border.
For a number of Western Australian localities, see Part XVII, p. 223, of the present work. It is a species often obviously passed over as “ Mallee,” and we require additional localities in order to properly map out its distribution.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA (ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES). About 4 miles north of Menzies (C. E. Lane Poole, No. 282).
Bruce Rock to Merriden (Dr. F. Stoward, Nos. 16, 36). “‘ Mallee,” Tammin (C. H. Ostenfeld, No. 512). Comet Vale (J. T. Jutson, Nos. 242, 250).
SoutH AUSTRALIA.
“Camp 10, §.A., Elder Exploring Expedition. 27th June, 1891. 15 feet high.” (R. Helms.) On the official map it is stated that some Mallee was found in the vicinity of this camp, which is in South Australia, in, say, 27° 60’ S. lat. and 131° long. E.
AFFINIPIES:
1. With F. Drummondii. ¥.v.M.
“ The close affinity of H. Oldfieldii to E. Drummondii remains to be noted. So far as I can judge from Drummond’s specimen No. 86, no other discrepancies of the latter exist than the smaller size of the leaves, flowers and young fruits, and the comparatively greater length of the flower-stalks and stalklets ; but such differences are not in every. other case of specific value, and as the bud and ripe fruit remained hitherto unknown, the final settling of this question is not yet possible. If #. Drwmmondw should prove a mere variety, as seems likely . . . .”’ (‘‘ Eucalyptographia,’’ under BE. Oldfieldii.)
E. Oldfieldii differs from #. Drummondit in the sessile inflorescence which is arranged in triads (or when pedicellate), the pedicels are very stout and shorter than those of 2. Drummondir) and in different shaped buds and fruits, as will be seen by comparing Plate 78 (fig. 11) and Plate 74 (figs. 1 and 2) for H. Oldfieldi: with Plate 74 (figs. 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10) for ZH. Drummondii. The former is a Mallee, and the latter a small tree.
2. With E. Ewartiana Maiden, in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S. W. liti, p. 111 (1919). This will be dealt with when £, Ewartiana is reached,
Additional affinities have been dealt with in Part XVII, p. 225. i
bo i)
DESCRIPTION,
COXXVU, EF. Drummondit Bentham. In B.FI. in, 237 (1866).
Leaves from ovate oblong to lanceolate, obtuse or acuminate, under 3 inches long, very thick, with very fine close parallel veins, very diverging or almost transverse, but scarcely conspicuous, the intra- marginal one close to the edge. Peduncles axillary or lateral, } to 14 inches long, terete or nearly so, each bearing an umbel of 3 to 6 rather large flowers on terete pedicels often $ inch long. Calyx-tube broadly hemispherical, hard and smooth, 4 to 5 lines diameter. Operculum conical, rather broader and consider- ably longer than the calyx-tube. Stamens about 4 inch long, inflected in the bud; anthers rather small, ovate, with distinct parallel cells. Disk very broad, nearly flat, forming a prominent ring round the ovary, of which the obtusely conical centre protrudes about 1 or 14 lines above the disk at the time of flowering. Fruit unknown.
The fruit was unknown to Bentham when he described L. Drummondia in B.F 1. ii, 237, and apparently Mueller only saw the young fruits. They will be found at fig. 7, Plate 74. Juvenile foliage petiolate, ovate, intramarginal vein close to edge (specimens of O. H. Sargent, near York, W.A.), but neither it nor the anthers figured until figs. 10-12, Plate 171, of the present part.
SYNONYM.
E. Oldfieldii F.v.M., var. Drummondii Maiden, at Part XVII, p. 223, of the present work. Mueller, in “ Euvcalyptographia,” under #. Oldficldi7, uses the iollowing words :—
So far as I can judge from Drummond’s specimen No. 86, no other discrepancies of the latter (as regards L. Oldfieldii) exist than the smaller size of the leaves, flowers and young fruits, and the comparatively ereater length of the flower stalks and stalklets, but such differences are not in every case of specific value, and as the bud and ripe fruit remained hitherto unknown, the final settling of this question is not yet possible. If #. Drwmmondii should prove a mere variety, as seems likely ;
Mueller continued to hold the opinion that #. Drunumondii was not distinct from E. Oldfieldii, for he omitted it from his Census. TLuehmann (Proc. Aust. Assoc. Adv. Science, vii, 5382, 1898) writes: “ BE. Drummondii seems a variety of this (#. Oldjieldi),
being smaller in all its parts.”
23
After consideration, in Part XVI} of the present work, I constituted £. Drummondit as 2 variety of LE. Oldfieldv as already stated, adopting Drummond’s No. 86 (the type of #. Drwnmondi) as the type for the variety. 1 am now of opinion that EB. Drummondii is a valid species.
RANGE.
It is confined to Western Australia. As in the case of so many other of Drummoud’s specimens, we do net know precisely their localities, but imasmuch as it has only been certainly found since from the York district, we have an indication of Drummond’s locality, and I would urge systematic search for the species. Local observers are now aware that it has long been confused with #. Lane-Poolei (a species to which it is more closely related than HZ. Oldfieldiz), and this should facilitate search.
Drummond’s No. 86. The inflorescence varies in size somewhat in various specimens. Figured at 3 and 6, Plate 74.
The following specimen matches the type absolutely :—
Smaill tree of about 20 feet. Trunk and branches smooth, whitish buff, with a few brown semi-detached scales of dead bark. Leaves dull green. Growing in light, humous soil, mixed with ironstone gravel. Cut Hill, York (O. H. Sargent, No. 266). (Figured at 5 and 7, Plate 74.)
Also St. Ronan’s Well, near York (C. E. Lane Poole).
The following specimens have been examined :— No. 86(Drummond). Herb. Cant. and Herb. Oxon. The former in bud (one), but mostly early fruit. The latter mostly in bud and flower, and a little early fruit.
AFFINITIES.
1. With EZ. Oldfieldii F.v.M. See p. 21.
2. With EB. Lane-Poolei Maiden, in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W. liii, p. 107, (1919). This is its closest affinity, and will be dealt with when £. Lane-Poolei is reached,
24
Explanation of Plates (168-171).
PLATE 168.
E. latifolia F.v.M.
1, Juvenile orbicular leaf. Not quite in the alternate stage, but the youngest leaf I have seen. Bathurst Island, Northern Territory. (G. F. Hill, No. 464.)
2a. Mature leaf; 2b, large corymbose panicle, showing buds, flowers, and very young fruits; 2c, front and back views of anther; 2d, fruits of varying size and shape. Bathurst Island. (G. F. Hill, No. 469.)
3. Immature fruit, markedly urceolate. Pine Creek, Northern Territory. (Dr. H. I. Jensen, No. 357.)
4. Mature and starved fruits. Between Bull Oak and Crescent Lagoon, Darwin to Katharine River. (Prof. W. Baldwin Spencer.)
5. Mature fruits with remarkably slender peduncles and pedicels ; the leaves comparatively small. Darwin to Roper River. (Prof. W. Baldwin Spencer.)
6a. Mature leaf; 6b, immature fruits. McKinlay Flats, Northern Territory. (Dr. H. I. Jensen.)
PLATE 169. E. Foelscheana F.v.M. (See also Plate 170.)
1. (At back), portion of a large juvenile leaf (the original is 15 by 11 inches, and even larger were seen). Katharine River, Northern Territory. (Prof. W. Baldwin Spencer.)
2. Small, scarcely urceolate fruits, attached to a mature leaf 20 to 16 cm. Katharine River. (Prof. W. Baldwin Spencer.)
3a. Mature leaf; 3b, immature buds; 3c, immature fruit. McKinlay River Flats. (Dr. H. I. Jensen.)
4a. Twig, bearing buds and flowers; 46, front and back views of anthers; 4c and 4d, fruits, views end-on and in elevation. Darwin (correspondent of Mueller).
5. Mature fruits of the large or typical form, near Darwin. (Prof. W. Baldwin Spencer.)
6a. Mature leaf; 6, unusually oblong leaf; 6c, small, mature fruit. Track to Katharine River. (Prof. W. Baldwin Spencer.)
PLATE 170. E. Foelscheana F.v.M. (See Plate 169.)
(The lanceolar-leaved form.)
1. Twig with long lanceolar leaf and flat-topped opercula (compare fig. 4a, Plate 169). ‘‘ North Coast ”* (Northern Territory). Robert Brown, “ Iter Australiense, 1802-5.”
2a. Twig with shorter lanceolar leaf and fruits; 2b, fruit, end view. Darwin (correspondent of Mueller, by whom the specimen was sent to the Calcutta Herbarium).
da. Small lanceolar leaf, comparable in size and shape with that of 6a, Plate 169. (Note the straight insect markings, parallel to the secondary veins. They have also been observed in Eucalyptus brachyandra F.v.M., but apparently not previously recorded); 30, small fruits; 3c, winged seeds. Between Cullen River and Woolgni, Northern Territory. (Dr. H. I. Jensen, No. 418.)
The lanceolar-leaved form of this species is referred to at pp. 5 and 6. It would appear that a variety name for this form would not be justified in the present state of our knowledge, for comparing Plates 170 and 169, it will be observed that there is much variation in the shape of the leaves of the species. Further, if the fruits be compared, e.g., the small fruits, fig. 3b (Plate 170) with the small fruits 2 (Plate 169), and the large fruits, fig. 2a and 26 (Plate 170) with the large fruits of fig. 5 (Plate 169), it will be seen that small and large fruits occur in both the typical and lanceolar-leaved forms.
4a.
5a.
la.
4a,
8a.
25 PLATE 170—continued.
E. Abergiana F.v.M. Twig with leaf, buds, and flowers; 4b, fruit, with a very short pedicel, from the drawing of the type in Mueller’s “ Eucalyptographia.”’ Mature leaf (rather broader than any leaf depicted by Mueller’s artist); 56, immature bud; 5c, anthers
in different positions; 5d, fruit (rather more sessile than depicted by Mueller’s artist). Rockingham Bay, Queensland. (J. Dallachy.) Both 4 and 5 drawn from the type.
PLATE 171.
E. pachyphylla F.v.M.
Leaf; 16, fruit. Hooker’s Creek, Northern Territory. (Mueller.) Type of the species (N.B., the fruits drawn in ‘“‘ Kucalyptographia’’ have the pedicels too long and the peduncle is not shown). Fruit from Pituri Creek, see p. 14. (A. Henry, 1889). From the Melbourne Herbarium. Not far
removed from the type. Note the pedicels in both cases. Fruit, Linda Creek (see p. 14). From Melbourne Herbarium. Note the articulation of the peduncle to the single pedicel. Var. sessilis var. nov.
Sessile head of buds; 46, underside view of the same, showing an annulus or disc; 4c, side-view of disc. The dise represents morphologically a fusion of pedicels, seated on a scarcely perceptible peduncle ; 4d, views of anther. Glen of Palms, Macdonnell Ranges, “‘ W.A. Expedition, 1872’’ (E. Giles).
These are the same buds as those figured in the BE. pachyphylla plate in the “ Eucalypto-
graphia.”’ :
. Ripe fruits (showing annulus); 55, immature fruit. Dalhousie Springs (Finke River, 1880).
(Rev. H. Kempe). From Melbourne Herbarium.
Leaf and fruits. North of Macdonnell Ranges (Plenty River district). (Lieut. Dittrich.) From Melbourne Herbarium. ~ See p. 16. :
Fruits. Finke River. (Rey. W. Schwarz, 1886.) From Melbourne Herbarium. See p. 15.
E. pyriformis Turez., var. Kingsmilli Maiden.
Mature leaf; 8b, the broadest leaf I have seen, but not in the juvenile stage; 8c, flowers, showing the slender peduncles and pedicels ; 8d, anthers; 8¢, side-view of operculum. Note the dark spot which represents the aperture into the apex of the operculum into which the style and stigma are inserted as into a sheath or case; 8f, flower-bud, showing the shortest operculum and pedicel seen ; 8g, immature fruit; 8h, perfectly ripe fruit. All from New England to Mt. Keith (about 160 miles north of Leonora, W.A. (Hon. W. Kingsmill, M.L.C.) The type.
&. Oldfieldii F.v.M.
. Anthers. Mingenew, W.A. (J.H.M.)
For the remainder of the drawings of H. Oldfieldii, see Plate 73, Part (XVII, fig. 11, and Plate 74, figs. 1 and 2.
E. Drummondti Benth.
Juvenile leaf. Near York, W.A. (O. H. Sargent.) Front and back view of anther. Cut Hill, York. (O. H. Sargent.) Front and back view of anther. Cut Hill, York. (O. H. Sargent.) . Note some variation in Nos. 11 and 12. For the remainder of the drawings of EZ. Drummondii, see Plate 74, Part XVII, figs. 3. DNOni pole
The following species of Eucalyptus are illustrated in my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales ”’* with larger twigs than is possible in the present work; photographs of the trees are also introduced wherever possible. Details in regard to their economic value, &c., are given at length in that work, which is a popular one. The number of
the Part of the Forest Flora is given in brackets :—
acacioides A. Cunn, (xlviii), acmenioides Schauer (xxxii).
affinis Deane and Maiden (lvi). amygdalina Labill. (xvi).
Andrewsi Maiden (xxi).
Baileyana ¥.v.M. (xxxv). Baueriana Schauer (lvii). Baueriana Schauer var. conica Maiden (Iviti). Behriana ¥F.v.M. (xlvi).
bicolor A. Cunn. (xliv).
Boormani Deane and Maiden (xlv), Bosistoana F.v.M. (xl).
Caley Maiden (Iv).
capitellata Sm. (xxviii). Considenaana Maiden (xxxvi). coriacea A. Cunn. (xv).
corymbosa Sm. (xii).
crebra F.v.M. (lui).
dives Schauer (xix).
frutacetorum F.v.M. (xl).
gigantea Hook. f. (li).
goniocalyx F.v.M. (v).
hemastoma Sm. (xxxvii). hemiphloia F.v.M. (vi).
longifolia Link and Otto (ii). Luehmanniana ¥.v.M, (xxvi). (=E. virgata). macrorrhyncha ¥.v.M. (xxvii). maculata Hook. (vi).
melanophloia F.v.M. (liv).
melliodora A. Cunn, (ix). macrocorys F.v.M. (xxxviil). nucrotheca F.v.M. (li).
numerosa Maiden (xvii).
obliqua L’ Hérit. (xxii). ochrophloia F.v.M. (1).
odorata Behr and Schlechtendal (xli). oleosa F’.v.M. (1x).
paniculata Sm. (vill).
pilularis Sm, (xxxi).
piperita Sin. (xxxiil). Planchoniana F.v.M. (xxiv). polyanthemos Schauer (ix). populifolia Hook. (xlvii). propinqua Deane and Maiden (Ix). punctata DC. (x).
regnans F.v.M. (xviii).
resinifera Sm. (iil).
rostrata Schlecht, (1xii).
rubida Deane and Maiden (Ixiii). saligna Sm. (iv).
stderophloia Benth. (xxxix), siderocylon A. Cunn. (xiii). Sitebertana ¥.v.M. (xxxiv). stellulata Sieb. (xiv).
tereticornis Sm. (x1).
virgata Sieb. (xxv).
vitrea R. T. Baker (xxii).
* Government Printer, Sydney. 4to.
other illustrations.
Price Js. per part (10s. por 12 parts); each part containing + plates and
Sydney; William App!egate Gullick, Government Printer. ~1920.
168.
ele
CRiT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
wot
\
pO an
A ,
M.FloeKfon-del. er lifh-
EUCALYPiUS, PATIPOLIA K.v.M:
169.
Pre
CRIT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
a
Oe Tne,
M.FlocKfon.det.eblith-
[See also Plate 170.]
EUCALYPTUS FOELSCHEANA F.v.M.
Crit. REV. EUCALYPTUS. . PL. 170.
ge cp I er ee =< 5 Racy — Say oie
fo pe
ee
M.Flockton delet lth.
EUCALYPTUS FOELSCHEANA F.v.M. (J-3) [See also Plate 169.] (The lanceolar-leaved form.) E. ABERGIANA F.v.M. (4, 5)
CriT. REV. EUCALYPTUS.
aM ime eae So
eH nT PD : a ae tag,
ees
M.FloeKion. del-ef hth-
(4-7).
(1-3) var. sessilis. E. PYRIFORMIS TURCZ var. Kingsmilli MAIDEN. (8). [See also Plate 73, fig. 11, and Plate 74, figs. 1 and 2.]
EUCALYPTUS PACHYPHYLLA F.v.M.
E. OLDFIELDII F.v.M. (9). [See also Plate 74, figs. 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10.]
F. DRUMMONDII Bentu. (10-12).
Blanes: 65- 68.
ee July, 1912.)
Bucalyptus oleosa ¥.v.M., var. Flocktonie
Maiden.
. Bucalyptus Le Souefii Maiden.
. Bucalyptus Clelandi Maiden.
. Bucalyptus decurva E.v.M.
. Eucalyptus doratoxylon F.v.M.
. Eucalyptus corrugata Luehmann. . Eucalyptus goniantha Turez.
. Eucalyptus Strickland: Maiden.
. Eucalyptus Campaspe 8. le M. Moore. . Eucalyptus diptera Andrews.
. Eucalyptus Griffithsic Maiden.
. Eucalyptus grossa F.v.M.
7. Eucalyptus Pimpiniana Maiden. . Eucalyptus Woodward: Maiden.
Plates, 69-72. (Issued September, 1912.)
. Eucalyptus salmonophloia ¥.v.M.
. Eucalyptus leptopoda Bentham.
. Eucalyptus sgwamosa Deane and Maiden. . Eucalyptus Oldfieldi F.v.M. i . Eucalyptus orbifolia F.v.M.
. Eucdyptus pyriformis Turezaninow.
Plates, 73-76. (Issued February, 1913.)
. Eucalyptus macrocarpa Hook.
. Eucalyptus Preissiana Schauer.
. Eucalyptus megacarpa ¥.v.M.
. Eucdyptus globulus Labillardiére. . Eucalyptus Maidens ¥F.v.M.
. Eucalyptus urnigera Hook. f.
Plates, 77-80. (Issued July, 1913.)
. Eucdyptus goniocalyx F.v.M.
. Eucalyptus nitens Maiden.
. Eucalyptus eaeophora ¥.v.M.
. Eucalyptus cordata Labill.
. Eucalyptus angustissima F.v.M.
Plates, 81-84. (Issued December, 1913.)
. Eucalyptus gigantea Hook. f.
. Eucalyptus longifolia Link and Otto. . Eucdyptus diversicolor ¥.v.M.
. Eucalyptus Guilfoyle: Maiden.
. Eucalyptus patens Bentham.
. Eucalyptus T odtiana ¥.v.M.
. Eucalyptus micranthera F.v.M.
‘Plates, 85-88. (Issued March, 1914.)
XXII—117.
118. 119. 120. 121. ; 122. 123. 124.
XXTHI—125.
126.
127,
XXIV—128. 129.
130. 131. 132.
Plates, 100 bis—103.
XXV—133. 134. 135. 136.
XXVI—138. 139. 140.
XXVII—141. 142. 143. 144,
XXVITI—145. 146. 147.
148.
t XXI—113. Lucalyptus cinerea F.v.M. 114, Bucdyptus pulverulenta Sims. 115. Eucalyptus cosmophylla ¥.v.M. 116. Eucalyptus gomphocephala A. P. DC.
Plates, 89-92. (Issued March, 1914.)
Eucalyptus erythronema Turez. f
Eucalyptus acacieformis Deane & Maiden
Eucalyptus pallidifolia F.v.M. %
Eucalyptus cesia Benth.
Eucalyptus tetraptera Turcz.
Eucalyptus Forrestuana Diels.
Eucalyptus miniata A. Cunn.
Eucalyptus phenicea F.v.M.
Plates, 93-96. (Issued April, 1915.) |
Eucalyptus robusta Smith.
Eucalyptus botryoides Smith.
Eucalyptus saligna Smith.
Plates, 97-100. (Issued July, 1915.)
Eucalyptus Deane: Maiden. Eucalyptus Dunniw Maiden. Eucalyptus Stuartuana F.v.M. Eucalyptus Banks Maiden. Eucalyptus quadrangulata Deane & Maide ha (Issued November, 1915
Eucalyptus Macarthuri Deane and Maiden, Eucalyptus aggregata Deane and Maiden. Eucalyptus parvifolia Cambage. Eucalyptus alba Reinwardt.
Plates, 104-107
Eucalyptus Perrmmiana F.v.M. Eucalyptus Gunna Hook. f.
Eucalyptus rubida Deane and Maiden. Plates, 108-111. (Issued April, 1916.)
Eucalyptus maculosa R. T. Baker. Eucalyptus precox Maiden. Eucalyptus ovata Labill.
Eucalyptus neglecta Maiden.
Plates, 112-115. (Issued July, 1916.)
Eucalyptus vernicosa Hook. f. oe Eucalyptus Muellert T. B. Moore. ‘
Eucalyptus Kitsoniana (J. G. Luehmann) . Maiden.
Eucalyptus vimenalis Tabdlnrdic re. Plates, 116-119. (Issued December, 1916.)
y. oe
Eucalyptus Baeuerlent ¥.v.M. Eucalyptus scoparia Maiden.
Part XXIX—149. 150. tos 152.
Ss 158. © 154, Plates, 120-123.
Eucalyptus punctata DC. Eucalyptus Kirtoniana ¥.v.M. (Issued February, 1917.)
XXX—155. HLucalyptus resinifera Sm. 156. Eucalypius pellita F.v.M. 157. Eucalyptus brachyandra F.v.M. Plates, 124-127. (Issued April, 1917.)
XXXI—158. Hucalypius iereticornis Smith.
159. Hucalyptus Banerofti Maiden.
-160. Eucalyptus amplifolva Naudin. Plates, 128-131. (Issued July, 1917.)
Eucalyptus Seeana Maiden.
Eucalyptus exserta F.v.M.
Eucalyptus Parramatiensis C. Hall. Eucalyptus Blakelyi Maiden.
Eucalyptus dealbata A. Cunn.
Eucalyptus Morris: R. T. Baker. Eucalyptus Howitivana F.v.M.
(Issued September, 1917.
XXXII—161. 162,
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
Plates, 132-135.
XXXIII—168. Hucalyptus rostrata Schlechtendal. 169. Bucalyptus rudis Endlicher. 170. Hucalyptus Dundast Maiden. 171. Hucalypius pachyloma Benth. Plates, 136-139. (Issued December, 1917.)
XXXIV—172. Eucalyptus redunca Schauer. 173. Eucalyptus accedens W. V. Fitzgerald. 174. Hucalyptus cornuta Labill. 175. Hucalyptus Websteriana Maiden. Plates, 140-143. (Issued April, 1918.)
XXXV--176. 177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
Plates, 144-147.
Eucalyptus Lehmanni Preiss. Euoalypius annulata Benth. Eucalyptus platypus Hooker. Rucalyptus spathulata Hooker. Eucalyptus gamophylia F.v.M. Eucalyptus argillacea W.V. Fitzgerald (Issued August, 1918.)
Kucayptus Bentham: Maiden & Cambage. Eucalyptus propingua Deane and Maiden.
Part XXXVI1e iodo
183. 184.
185. 186.
187. 188.
Plates, 148-151.
XXXVIH—189. 190. 191.
192. Eucalyptus papuana ¥.v.M. Plates, 152-155.
XXXVIMI—193. 194. 195.
196.
re
198.
199.
200.
9. Hucalyptus amygdalina Labill.
201.
202.
203.
Plates 156-159.
XXXIX—204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. Dita
73. 212. 28. Lads 214. 295. Plates 160-163.
XL—216. 217. 218. 219. 220. 221.
222.
Eucalyptus macrandra F: vM.
Eucalyptus salubris B.v.M. ;
Eucalyptus dadocalye Fv.M.
Eucalyptus Cooperiana F.v.M.
Eucalyptus interterta R. T. Baker. —
Eucalyptus confluens ( War tag Maiden.
(Issued January, 19 5) j
Boal hus oleae A. Cunn. Eucalyptus aspera R.y.M. .— Eucalyptus grandifoha R.Br.
(Issued March, 1919.) 2
Eucalyptus tessellaris F. v.M. Eucalyptus Spencervana Maiden. “4 Eucalyptus Olifioniana W. V. Pitagerld. Eucalyptus setosa Schauer. Ay Eucalyptus Serruginea Schauer. ‘ELucalyptus Moore, Maiden and Camba Eucalyptus dumosa A. Gunn. ~ Eucalyptus torquata Luehmann.
Eucalyptus radiata Sieber. Eucalyptus numerosa Maiden. Eucalyptus nitida Hook. f. (Issued July, 1919.)
Eucalyptus Torelhhana ¥.v.M. Eucalyptus corymbosa Smith. Eucalyptus intermedia R. T. Baker. Eucalyptus patellaris F.v.M. Eucalyptus celastroides Turczaninow. 4 Eucalyptus gracilis ¥.v.M. a Eucalyptus transcontinentalis Maiden. Eucalyptus longicorns F.v.M. Eucalyptus oleosa F.v.M. Eucalyptus Flocktonve Maiden. Eucalyptus virgata Sieber. Eucalyptus oreades R. T. Baker. Eucalyptus obtusiflora DC. a Eucalyptus fraxinoides Deane and Mai le] (Issued February, 1920.) — Eucalyptus termmalis F.v.M. Eucalyptus dichromophloia F.v.M. Eucalyptus pyrophora Benth. Eucalyptus levopinea R. T. Baker. Eucalyptus ligustrina DC. ee: Eucalyptus stricta Sieber, Eucalyptus grandis (Hill) Maiden. - Plates 164-167. . (Issued March, 19
a He MAIDEN, ‘180, PRS EES
(Government Botanist of New South ‘Wales and Director of the
ae ss See Botanic ‘Gardens, Sydney). es
VoL. Vo PART 2.
Part XE ae
(WITH FOUR PLATES. »
PRIcE Two SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Published by Gallons of ‘THE ‘GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW ae WALES.
a Sania: WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER.
1920.
rey ee
eee eee
10-4: ee . Hucalyptus fecunda Schauer.
= Bucalyptus pilul aris”
oe var.
ca Muelleriana Maiden. Plates, 1-4, (Issued March, 1903.)
‘ Eucalyptus obliqua L’ Heéritier.
Plates, 5-8. (Issued May, 1903.)
. Eucalyptus calycogona Turczaninow.
Plates, 9-12. (Issued July, 1903.). Eucalyptus incrassata Labillardiére,
Plates, 13-24, (Issued June, 1904.)
. Eucalyptus stellulata Sieber. . Eucalyptus coriacea A. Cunn. . Eucalyptus coccifera Hook. f.
Plates, 25-28. (Issued November, 1904.)
. Eucalyptus amygdalina Labillardiére. . Hucalyptus linearis Dehnhardt. . Eucalyptus Risdona Hook. f.
Plates, 29-32. (Issued April, 1905.)
: Ducaynins regnans B.v.M. . Eucalyptus witellina Naudin, and Eucalyptus
vitrea R. T. Baker.
. Eucalyptus dives Schauer. . Eucalyptus Andrewsi Maiden. . Eucalyptus diversifolia Bonpland.
Plates, 33-36. (Issued October, 1905. )
5 Heiealyaius capitellata Sm. . Eucalyptus Muellervana Howitt.
Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha F.v.M.
. Hucalyptus eugeniordes Sieber. . Eucalyptus marginata Sm. .
. Hucalyptus buprestiuum F.v.M. . Hucalyptus sepulcralis F.v.M.
Plates, 37-40. (Issued March, 1907.)
. Hucalypius alpina Lindl.
. Eucalyptus microcorys F.v.M.
. Hucalyptus acmenroides Schauer.
, Eucalyptus umbra R. T. Baker.
. Hucalyptus virgata Sieber.
. Hucalyptus apiculata Baker and Smith.
. LHucalyptus Luehmanniana F. v. Mueller. . Hucalyptus Planchoniana F.v.M.
Plates, 41-44. (Issued November, 1907.)
. Kucalyptus piperita Sm. . Eucalyptus Sreberiana F.v.M. . Eucalyptus Consideniana Maiden. . Eucalyptus hemastoma Sm. . Eucalyptus siderophlova Benth. . Zucalyptus Boormani Deane and Maiden. . Lucalyptus leptophleba F.y.M. . Eucalyptus Behriana F.v.M. . Eucalyptus populifolia Hook. Eucalyptus Bowmani F.v.M. (Doubtful species.)
Plates, 45-48. (Issued December, 1908.)
. Eucalyptus Bosistoana F.v.M. . Eucalyptus bicolor A. Cunn. . Eucalyptus hemiphloia F.v.M. AN rN 44, 44 (a). 45.
a =
Eucalyptus odorata Behr and Schlechtendal. An Ironbark Box. Eucalyptus fruticetorum F.v.M.
XII—50. Eucalyptus Raw . Eucalyptus crebra F.v.M. . Eucalyptus Staigeriana B.v.M. . Bucalypius meanophlaa ¥.v.M. . Hucalyptus pruinosa Schauer. . Hucalypius Smitha R. T. Baker. . Eucalyptus Naudimiana ¥.v.M. . Zucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn., . Eucalyptus leucorylon F.v.M. . Eucalyptus Caley: Maiden.
XIII--60. . Eucalyptus paniculata Sm.
. Eucalyptus polyanthemos Schauer. ~ . Eucalyptus Ruddert Maiden. — A. . Hucalypius Bauertana Schauer. ae . Lucalyptus cneorrfolia DC. ee
. Eucalyptus melliodora A. Gunn,
. Lucalypius fasciculosa F.v.M.
. Hucalyptus uncinata Turezaninow. . Hucalypius decipiens Endl.
. Lucalypius concolor Schauer.
. Hucalyptus Cléeziana ¥.v.M.
. ELucalyptus olagantha Schauer.
. Eucalyptus oleosa F.v.M. . Hucalyptus Gillaa Maiden, . Lucalyptus falcata Turcz. ©
. Eucalyptus Le Souefii Maiden.
. Hucalyptus Clelands Maiden.
. Eucalyptus decurva ¥.v.M.—
. Lucalyptus doratoxylon F.v.M.
. Eucalyptus corrugata Luehmann. . Lucalyptus gonvantha Turez.
. Eucalyptus Strickland: Maiden.
. Eucalyptus Campaspe 8. le M. Moore. . Eucalyptus diptera Andrews.
. Lucalyptus Griffithsi Maiden.
. Hucalyptus grossa F.v.M.
. Eucalyptus Pimpiniana Maiden. ~ . Hucalyptus Woodward: Maiden.
. Lucalyptus salmonophloia F.v.M. . Lucalypius leptopoda Bentham. ©
. Bucalyptus squamosa Deane and Ma . Eucalyptus Oldfieldit F.v.M. — : es ore E.v.M. .:
“Plates, 4
Plates, 53-56. (Issued November
Eucalyptus affinis Deane and Maiden.
Plates, 57-60. (Issued July, 1911
Plates, 61-64. (Issued March, 1912
Plates, 65-68. (Issued ia 1912
Eucalyptus oleosa F.v.M., var. Plockton Maiden.
Plates, 69-72. (Issued Septemb
A CRIMICAL REVISION OF THE
GENUS PBUesLverus
BY
ie MATIN, USO. fl RS, EES:
(Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney).
Vor. VE art. 2. Ear, XEN of the Complete: Work.
(WITH FOUR PLATES.)
“* Ages are spent in collecting materials, ages more in separating and . combining them. Even when a sysi.m has been formed, there is still something to add, to alter, or to. reject. Every generation enjoys the use of a vast hoard bequeathed to it by antiquity, and transmits that hoard. augmented by fresh aequisitions, to future ages. In these pursuits, therefore, the first speculators lie under great disadvantages, ard
even when they fail, are entitled to praise.’ Macauray’s “Essay ON MILTON.”
PRICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE.
Published by Authority of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES,’
Svonev :
WILLIAM APPLEGATE GULLICK, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, PHILLIP-STREET.
*92895—-A 1920.
CCXXVIIT, Eucalyptus eximia Schauer.
PAGE.
Besctipion : ‘ : A . : : ° 27 Synonym (doubtful) : ; A ° : ‘ ‘6 : 28 Range (including Grose Head). : : : : : 28 Association with £. corymbosa and E. squamosa : ° 31 Affinities . : : : ° : ° . . ° 31
COX XIX. ee oy Bentham.
Description : ° , 33 Synonyms. : : : : 6 . : ° : C 34 Range ‘ : : : : Q . 35 (The Rusty Gum Be Leichhardt) A 5 : < : 37 ASfhintVeStsh, Saris dha nee ee yess.) 25) BS Ginem)” Hey Hae oe
COXXX, Eucalyptus Watsoniana F.v.M.
Description 6 . ° ° ° ° . e ° 40 Range : : : : 3 : ; é ° . f 41 Affinities . ‘ : . 4 4 : 5 3 : 41
CCX X XI. pe a F.v.M.
Description . ° ° ° ° 43 A supposed forma Gruticosae ‘ . ° . : 6 43 Range (including sume of (esichharat’s collections) 44 Affinities. 5 : é 5 6 ‘ : d : 5 46
COC Bee le Maiden.
Description ‘ : 48
Range : : : : : : 6 C : 5 ° 48
Affinities (including a _ brief -discussion on hybridisation) .. . 3 : : : 2 : ; 49
COX XXII. ee Kruseana }'.v.M.
Description 4 : A “ 4 51 Synonym . : ; : ‘ : : , : ; 51 Range : : ; : : : : : ; : : 52
Affinities . : : : 5 ; : : : : 5 53
COXXXIV. Eucalyptus Dawsoni R. T, Baker.
PAGE.
| Description : 5 ‘ . . 5 6 ° . ° 56 Illustrations . c : 4 & : : ; : 6 56 Synonym . 6 : : : : q : : . ° 56 Range ; ‘ é f ; Z : é : ° : 56 Pfinmities <2 ee) Sak ek se el eee
LXIT, Sua peisen enas Schauer.
Description : ‘ 5 . : 58 Illustrations : : g ! : : : : t 58 ‘TEhe bark . : 0 : ‘ : : : 3 = Fs 58 The species has lanceolate leaves : 5 5 59 Range (specimens seen by Mueller, and additional localities) . : : : : : : . . é 60 Affinities . ‘ < : ; : z : 4 : i 61
LXIV. Eucalyptus Baueriana Schauer. Description : : : 4 é : ; ‘ ‘ é 62 Range— . : :
Specimens included by Mueller in EF. polyanthemos €2 Other localities 5 : : ‘ : : ; 5 63
COX XX V. ili conica Deane and Maiden.
Description ‘ : : : : 5 64 Synonym : : : : ; : é : : 4 64 Range : : ; F ‘ : : ‘ ‘ : : 64
LXX. Eucalyptus concolor Schauer.
The type. Explanation of the confusion with
E. decipiens and other species . P : = nee 66 Drummond's No, 77 is not £. concolor . Z : : 67 Affinities . ; j : : : é ; 4 : A 68
Explanation of Plates (172-8) . : : ‘ : “ 68
DESCRIPTION.
CCOXX VII, FE. eximia Schauer.
In Walpers’ Repertorium i, 925 (1843).
FoLiowinc is a translation of the original :—
Rigid, with firm lanceolate leaves narrowed into a petiole, long, acute, smooth on both sides and sub-opaque, covered with small black dots, imperforate, without veins; the terminal panicle composed of very many—about six-flowered heads with long peduncles; peduncles compressed, somewhat two-edged ; operculum coriaceous, convex, umbonate, after expansion sometimes with the hinge of the operculum as if adherent to the obconical wrinkled-angular calyx-tube (and the remaining parts ?) glaucous-hoary, finally smooth shining. Leaves half a foot long and longer, about an inch broad. Flowers showy, 6 lines long; stamens elongated, white. Collected in New Holland in former days by Ferd. Bauer.
Tt was described by Bentham in B.FI. iii, 258, as follows :—
Leaves faleate-lanceolate, acuminate, mostly 4 to 6 inches long, with numerous veins, fine and parallel, but scarcely visible owing to the thick coriaceous texture. Flowers several together, closely sessile in heads, which are usually arranged on thick angular or flattened peduncles, in terminal corymbs or panicles. Calyx-tube thick, obconical, somewhat angular, much tapering at the base, 3 to 4 lines long. ~
> Operculum broadly conical or shortly acuminate, always much shorter than the calyx-tube, and double, as in E£. maculata, but the inner one not readily separable in the dried specimens till the flower is ready to open. Stamens 3 to 4 lines long; anthers ovate-oblong, the cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary short, flat-topped. Fruit urceolate, } to 1 inch long, the rim thin, the capsule deeply sunk.
It is described and figured by Mueller in the ‘‘ Eucalyptographia.”
Caley, at the beginning of the 19th century, called it ‘‘ Snufi-coloured Bark Eucalyptus,’ which is descriptive, but, it seems to me, it gives an idea that the bark is browner than it really is. The colour of the bark is a dirty yellow.
By Sydney people this is variously known as “‘ Mountain Bloodwood,’ “ Yellow Bloodwood,” and “ Rusty Gum.’ It is called ‘“‘ Bloodwood” partly because kino exudes in the concentric circles of the wood (which kino, by the way, cannot be mistaken for that of #. corymbosa). Baron von Mueller states (“‘ Kucalyptographia”’ ), following Dr. Woolls, I find, that it sometimes goes by the name of “ Smooth-barked Bloodwood,” but I have not heard it so: called.
The purple (plum violet) of the young foliage is a very conspicuous object, and it has long been known that it contains a small percentage of caoutchouc, as does that of the common Sydney Bloodwood (E. corymbosa).
Mr. W. F. Blakely noted that the young shoots in the Hornsby-Galston district (near Hawkesbury River) distinctly smell of 01] of lemon (February, 1918).
28
Bentham (B.FI. i, 258), speaking of the operculum, says ““ . . . double, as in #. maculata, but the inner one not readily separable in the dried specimens ti'] the flower is ready to open.” Mueller follows the matter up in the “‘ Eucalyptographia,” but I think it will be best to deal with the morphology of the opercula (which involves consideration of a number of species), when dealing with the morphology of the genus in the second portion of this work.
DOUBDFUL SYNONYAE
E. elongata Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1, 30 (1822).
Following is a copy of the original :—
“223. E. elongata. Fol. lanceolatis attenuatis acumine subfiliformi reticulatim venosis. Hab. in Australia. T. Fol. pet. 8” longo lamina 4-5’ Iga. 10’-1’ lata coriacea. Non floruit.’”’ A specimen in the Vienna Herbarium labelled ‘‘ Eucalyptus elongata Link, Ferd. Bauer, Herb. Bauer” is EZ. eximea Schauer.
On the other hand, we have the species rather more fully described in DC. Prod. iii, 222, as follows :—
“49, E. elongata (Link lc.) foliis alternis lanceolatis attenuatis acumine sub- filiformi reticulatim venosis coriaceis. In Noy. Hollandia. Folii petiolus 8 lin. longus, lamina 4-5 poll. longa 10-12 lin. lata. An forte eadem ac E. cornuta aut potius E. persicifolia? (v.s. sine fl. ex hort. Berol).
A single leaf, from the Prodromus Herbarium (from M. Casimir De Candolle) has the following label :—
(Manu Ottonis), ‘‘ Eucalyptus elongata Lk. En.” (Manu Seringe1), “ Jardin de Berlin Mr. Otto, 1826.” (Manu DC. i1), “* An cornuta? persicifolia?”’
It is not H. eximia. I would not like to state its origin at present. EH. elongata Link, in Otto’s handwriting, was written by the collaborator of Link in much botanical work.
RANGE.
The collection of the type is credited to Ferdinand Bauer, as is the case with other specimens collected by Robert Brown, but forming part of a collection of Bauer's (who was Sir Joseph Banks’s artist attached to Brown), which found its way to the Vienna Herbarium. Brown described it and gave it a name, but, like so many of Brown’s descriptions of Eucalyptus, it never saw the light. The type came from the Grose River, New South Wales.
29
Bentham gives “ Banks of the River Grose, R. Brown, and (lower) Blue Mountains, Miss Atkinson.” Mueller (“‘ Eucalyptographia”’) adds Bent’s Basin (Woolls), which is on the Nepean, about 22 miles south of its junction with the Grose. The Dogwood Creek, Queensland, specimens, ‘collected by Leichhardt and referred to in the ‘* Kucalyptographia,” under EF. eaimia, are EL. peltata F.v.M.
It seems to be confined to the sandstone of eastern-central New South Wales, its most southerly recorded locality being Jervis Bay, and northerly one Howe’s Valley, near Singleton, while the most westerly locality is Springwood, in the lower Blue Mountains (1,200 feet).
Southern localities. A specimen in Herb. Cant., Ex herb. Lindl., labelled, “* 7 feet high, P. Jarvis, Fraser” (Jervis Bay, Fraser died in December, 1831) is HL. eximia. Another specimen, labelled “ Eucalyptus sp., height 50 feet, flowers in September, Port Jervis” (Jervis Bay) (Fraser), in Herb. Oxon, is this species.
The next most southerly locality recorded is Shoalhaven River (Badgery’s Crossing to Nowra, W. Forsyth and A. A, Hamilton). It is remarkable that it has never been recorded from Jervis Bay since Fraser’s time, nor between Jervis Bay and the Shoalhaven.
Yalwal, 18 miles from Nowra, Shoalhaven district (R. H. Cambage). Picton Lakes (R. H. Cambage). It is obvious that we want more collecting over southern localities for this species.
A large tree of this species used to be in Government House Grounds, just inside the gates. It was demolished during the widening of Macquarie-street, in 1913. It may have been an original specimen of the Sydney flora, still preserved to some extent in the Outer Domain, but I doubt it.
Western localities. —V ery common about Glenbrook and Blaxland, but was not observed beyond Springwood. October is the usual flowering time for this species, but the evidence available on 12th November last went to show that, with but few exceptions, it did not flower last spring; and it is worthy of note that it flowered profusely in 1900 and 1902, but was almost destitute of flowers in 1901 (vide these Proceedings, 1902, p. 206). Many of the trees were rendered attractive in November by the display of purple foliage on the young shoots. (R. H. Cambage and J.H.M., Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. xxx, 199, 1905).
Mulgoa (R. H. Cambage, J.H.M.). “* This is the ‘ Mountain Bloodwood.’ The Fark is generally different in texture from the other. It is not so thick, and looks more like the bark of a Mahogany or Woolly Butt.” Near Bent’s Basin (Rev. Dr. Woolls).
“ Smooth-barked Bloodwood,” specimen from cliffs near Bent’s Basin (W. Woolls). Bent’s Basin, only on the sandstone ridge (J.H.M.). Bent’s Basin is on the Nepean River, a few miles south of Penrith.
30
Following are two historical specimens. They are co-types. ‘‘ Banks of the Grose.” Robert Brown, 1802-5. (Presented by J. J. Bennett at the 1876 distribution from the British Museum, No. 4776. )
“Snuff-coloured bark Eucalyptus, Grose, September, 1804, F2.” (George Caley.) (Presented by British Museum through Dr. A. B. Rendle, No. 42.) (Grose Head on other specimens. )
Grose’s Head was a name originally given by Caley himself. There isa reference to its use by Bligh on 31st October, 1807 (Hist. Rec. Aust. vi, 145), who speaks of it as “ A high, commanding situation called Grose’s Head.” The name is several times used by Blaxland in his “‘ Journal of a Tour of Discovery Across the Blue Mountains in the year 1813.” One of the references is that at Glenbrook Lagoon, “ the high land of Grose Head appeared before them at about 7 miles distance, bearing north by east.’ Mr. Alexander Wilson told me that Grose Head is a bluff at the junction of Burralow Creek and Grose River (a few miles from the junction of the latter with the Nepean), parish of Burralow, county of Cook.
Mr. R. H. Camlage and I, in 1906, saw it when we ascended the Grose River from the Nepean. We could only progress about 5 miles from the Nepean junction to the head of navigation. We then came to large sandstone boulders, but could hardly progress a short distance over them, and continued progress was impossible. Looking up the stream, the fine bluff of Grose Head was the prominent feature of the landscape. It is easy to suppose that Caley saw it from this position.
Northern lccalities.—Petween 17-19 mile-posts, Galston road, Hornsby (W. F. Blakely’. At tke Linnean Society's excursion of the 27th April, 1889, numerous individuals, including some very fine trees, of this species were found at the junction of the Berowra Creek with the Hawkesbury River. This was the most northerly locality known for a number of years. (Henry Deane and J.H.M.)
I am indebted to Mr. W. F. Blakely for the following notes on the occurrence of this species between Hornsby and Hawkesbury River, including its association with E. squamosa Deane and Maiden :— ;
There are several fine belts of this species on the eastern and north-eastern spurs of the rugged sandstone country along Berowra Creek, from the Galston Valley, on the Galston road between the 17-19 mile-posts, to Brooklyn on the Hawkesbury River; and also in similar situations in various places throughout the Kuring-gai Chase; namely, on the Gibberygong track, Kuring-gai Chase boundary line, 2 miles east of Hornsby; Bobbin Head (plentiful); along the-Chase road to Mt. Colah (two patches) ; close to railway line at Kuring-gai, Berowra, Cowan and Hawkesbury River stations. It is also common at various points along Cowan Creek. For instance, fine specimens are to be seen at Windybanks and at Jerusalem Bay.
On the Pittwater side of the Chase there is a patch of it towards the head of Cowan Creek.
It is interesting to note that besides occupying the highest points in the strip of country between Manly and Brooklyn, H. eximia descends to the sea-level, attaining its greatest development on the lower levels, but some really good specimens are met with at considerably high elevations.
31
ASSOCIATION WITH E. CorYMBOSA Sm. AND E. sQUAMOSA DEANE AND MAIDEN.
E. eximia is often associated with E. corymbosa and HE. squamosa, but to a limited extent. It usually prefers the well-drained rugged, often precipitous ridges, with a northerly or easterly aspect, as seen along the railway line near the Hawkesbury River station, while 2. corymbosa prefers the better-class soils of the northern, eastern, and western slopes; also the medium soils interspersed with ironstone gravel of the flat, open forests, on the tops of ridges. On the other hand, Z. squamosa is usually confined to the moist tops and somewhat sour, swampy, elevated southern depressions. When these species meet, they do not penetrate beyond their ecological boundaries. In any case, #. corymbosa is the most aggressive of the three, for it appears to have adapted itself to all sorts of environmental conditions.
We now cross to the northern bank of the Hawkesbury River.
Woy Woy and Hawkesbury River (Andrew Murphy).
“ Pepper,” not Peppermint, is the Colo name, Hawkesbury River (a surveyor whose name I have forgotten).
Maitland (Sawyer’s Gully), where it is known as Rock Apple. (R. H. Cambage.)
AFFINITIES.
We are dealing in this Part with four Yellow-barks or Yellow-jackets. They all have palish timber (in contradistinction to reddish), viz., EB. eximia, E. peltata, E. Watsoniana, and E. trachyphloia, and have some affinities for that reason. They are contrasted at p. 47.
E: eximia is a member of the Corymbose, and Bentham (B.FI. ii, 199) places it nearest to H. maculata, giving the key.
Flowers pedicellate in 3-flowered umbels ... EB. maculata. Flowers sessile, in heads... Hee As ... E. eximia.
These are the only two species of the section he records as having a double operculum.
Mueller’s views as to the affinities of HZ. eximia will be given in his own order.
1. With F. Watsoniana F.v.M.
E. eximia is closely related to LE. Watsoniana, differing mainly in narrower leaves, in the smaller flowers without any stalklets, in the lid not exceeding the width of the calyx-tube, and in smaller fruits with not emerging or protruding disc. (‘‘ Eucalyptographia,” under EZ. eximia.)
This is the only other Yellow-jacket with which Mueller contrasts it, and I will refer to the affinity under table at p. 47.
2, With £. Abergiana F.v.M.
In its panicles it resembles H. Abergiana, but the leaves are almost sickle-shaped and not conspicuously darker above, the lid and calyx-tube are separated by a clear sutural line, and the seeds are not provided with a terminating membrane. (‘ Eucalyptographia,” under H, ewimia.)
B
32
For £. Abergiana, see Plate 170, Part XLI. The two species are sharply separated by the non-yellow bark, and the red timber of 2. Abergiana. The mature foliage of that species is broader, the buds ovoid, and therefore the opercula non-conoid, the peduncles thicker and more distinctly articulate, the fruits larger and more woody. At the same time, we are not fully aware of the amount of variation in that species.
3. With E. maculata Hook. f.
E. eximia claims particularly close relationship to Z. maculata; but its distinctness is vindicated by the persistency and peculiarity of the bark, by the still finer venation of the leaves, by the flowers being of larger-size and devoid of stalklets, by the less ready separation of the outer and inner lid from each other, by the petaloid whitish not shining inner but smoother and more lustrous lid, and by the larger fruits; the seedling state may also be different. (‘‘ Hucalyptographia,” under L. eximia.)
Mr. W. F. Blakely informed me, in February, 1918, that young shoots of E. eximia in the Hornsby, Sydney, district, distinctly smelled of oil of lemon. This indicates affinity to L. maculata var. citrvodora. I will postpone further consideration of the contrasts until L. maculata is reached in Part XLIIL
4, With E. corymbosa Sm.
Although called a Bloodwood tree, it differs widely from E. corymbosa, not only in some of the characteristics of its flowers and fruits, but also in foliage and bark, the latter being of more scaly texture and also smoother outside. (‘‘ Eucalyptographia,’ under HZ. eximia.)
For E. corymbosa see Part XXXIX, Plates 161, 162. The latter has a hard, scaly, non-yellow bark, with red timber. Its flush of young foliage is reddish rather than purple, and its very young leaves are non-petiolate. The two species differ in the shape of the fruits, which have pedicels in E. corymbosa, which also bas its buds more clavate.
e
33
DESCRIPTION.
CCXXIX. EF. peltata Bentham. In BF. iii, 254 (1866).
FotLow1ne is the original description :—
A tree with a dark, shining, brittle, flaky, but persistent bark (F. Mueller).
Leaves from nearly orbicular to oblong-ovate, obtuse, rather large, peltately inserted on the petiole above their base, rusty-scabrous or glabrous or somewhat glaucous, with diverging but not close veins.
Flowers rather large, nearly sessile in the umbels, which are arranged in oblong (or corymbose) terminal panicles, but not seen expanded.
Calyx-tube obconical in the bud, about 3 lines long, smooth and shining. Opereulum much shorter, obtusely conical or hemispherical. Anthers ovate-oblong, with parallel cells.
Fruit urceolate-globose, about 4 lines diameter, contracted above the deeply-sunk capsule, the rim thin, seeds (which I have not seen) smooth and not winged according to F. Mueller.
It was figured and further described by Mueller in the “ Eucalyptographia.”
A small or middle sized tree, with a straight trunk seldom above 15 feet long or more than 18 inches in diameter, with a spreading rather dense top (Johnson); foliage drooping, the greatest height of the whole tree about 30 feet (Tenison-Woods). Bark everywhere (all over the tree) persistent, lamellar, very brittle, somewhat shining and brownish or pale-yellowish, the colour of the bark having originated the curious vernacular of Yellow-jacket for this tree. (‘‘ Hucalyptographia.”’)
In 1908, when I received a full suite of specimens from the Emerald District, misled by Bentham’s description of the peltate juvenile leaves as mature ones, I thought it might be new, and carefully described it, but did not publish it.
Following is the description of the juvenile leaves, made at the time :—
Broadly lanceolate to orbicular, peltate (up to 10-15 cm. long and 3-5-4 cm. broad being common dimensions), symmetrical, the slightly flattened glaucous branch- lets and the midribs sparsely besprinkled with weak brown hairs, the tips of the branchlets densely hziry. Equally green on both sides, or but slightly paler on the under side, thin, petiolate, midrib distinct and slightly channelled, lateral veins irregularly curved, rather distant from each other, passing through a more parallel stage until they become feather- veined in the adult stage; the intramarginal vein at a considerable distance from the edge. Mature leaves of the ordinary lanceolate shape.
I have since found that the peltate condition of leaves in Eucalyptus is more
common than was at one time supposed, but a full discussion of this character may well be deferred until the Morphology portion of this work is reached.
34
Following is an excellent account of the tree :—
Eucalyptus peltata is known around Alma-den as Yellow Jack, from the yellowish colour of the scaly bark, which is of much the same texture as that of the Blocdwood group, though perhaps a little more flaky. This rough scaly bark extends to the branchlets, the tips of which are angular, glabrous and yellowish. The timber is pale towards the outside of the tree, but dark brown near the centre. The fruits are slightly urceolate and the sessile buds are angular in dried specimens. The only peltate leaves seen were amongst the ovate, scabrous, ‘sucker’ foliage. The adult leaves examined are glabrous and lanceolate, with a yellowish midrib, and are 5 to 6 inches long and one-quarter of an inch to 1 inch broad. The “sucker” stems are hispid. (R. H. Cambage in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xlix, 407, 1915.)
SYNONYMS.
1. E. melissiodora F.v.M. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iti, 95 (1859), but not of Lindley.
2. E. Leichharatii Bailey.
3. E. eximia Schauer, var. Leichhardtii Ewart.
1. BE. melissiodora F.v.M. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iti, 95 (1859).
Following is a translation of the original :—
A tree, branchlets compressed-tetragonal, rough, leaves opposite or sub-opposite, ovate or sub-cordate, rarely oblong-lanceolate, petiolate and scabrous above the rounded somewhat inflexed base, opaque, covered with translucent dots, penniveined reticulately veined, peripheral vein unequally distant from the margin, umbels paniculate, 6-7 flowered, peduncles scabrous, angled and longer than the calyx-tube, buds ovate, smooth, ecostate shortly pedicellate, the calyx-tube half as long again as the interior conical-hemispherical operculum, the outer operculum imperfect, fruits campanulate, three-celled, smooth at the vertex, valves included, seeds smooth, winged. Habitat in the porphyritic mountains of Newcastle Range. Flowered October and November. A small or medium sized tree, trunk straight, bark adhering all over, shining with brittle dirty yellow flakes. Branchlets and peduncles grown over with an ash-coloured and rusty roughness. Leaves with a petiole 4-1 inch long, semiterete, for the most part, adhering above the base, rarely to the margin, generally 2-3 inches long, 14-24 inches broad, in the abnormal specimen collected by Mitchell* up to 5 inches long and 1 inch only broad, sometimes acute, sometimes obtuse or rather emarginate. Calyx-tube shining obconical, semi-ovate, 2-3 lines long narrowed into a very short pedicel. Operculum double, the exterior one chestnut brown, slowly coming away in pieces, grown to the interior one; the interior one 14 lines long. Fruit about 4 lines long, perfectly campanulate, green, somewhat smooth at the vertex, valves inserted above the middle of the tube. Seeds brown, shining. The species is remarkable for the double operculum.
Mueller (“ Eucalyptographia” under £. peltata) concurs in Bentham’s opinion that E. melissiodora, “‘ might merely constitute the young state of E. citriodora, and this has been confirmed through local observation by Dr. E. Wuth, whose attention I directed to this subject.” He goes on to point out that, in dealing with EZ. maculata in “* Eucalyptographia,” he added Z. peltata as a synonym by a slip of the pen.
* This is another plant, the true HZ. metissiodora Lindl., which is a synonym of Z. maculata var. citrsodora,
35 2. EF. Leichhardtii Bailey, in Queensland Agric. Journ. xvi, 493 (May, 1906).
The original description is as follows :—
“Yellow Jack” or “Yellow Jacket.’”’ A tree of small size, the timber not considered durable. Bark on the trunk thick, spongy, and somewhat lamellar; colour a light yellowish-brown; deciduous on the smaller branches. Leaves 3 to 6 inches long, falcate-lanceolate, the apex often elongated and filiform, the base somewhat oblique, tapering to a petiole of about 1 inch ; transverse parallel veins very numerous, but not very distinct owing to the coriaceous texture of the leaf, the intramarginal one rather distant from the edge. Flowers several together, nearly or quite sessile, in. heads which are arranged on thickish (more or less angular) branches of a terminal panicle from 4 to 8 incheslong. Calyx-tube thick, angular-rugose, much tapering towards the base in the flower, about 4 lines long and 3 lines broad at the top. Operculum broadly conical or shortly acuminate, considerably shorter than the calyx-tube, usually in the fresh state of a glossy-purple, texture thin and tough; from the centre a descending tube is formed by the petaloid portion or inner membrane which encloses the summit of the style and stigma before the flower expands, similar to what Mueller points out as occurring in HZ. eximia. Stamens 3 to 4 lines long; anthers oblong; cells parallel, opening longitudinally. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit urceolate, about 6 lines long, rim rather thin; capsule deeply sunk, 3-celled. Seeds oblong, about 3 lines long, 14 lines broad, smooth, flat and glossy-brown.
Hab. :—Near Alice, Central Railway (received from Mr. Wm. Pagan, Chief Engineer for Railways).
The above species seems only to have once previously been brought under notice, and then by Baron Mueller when describing E. eximia, in his grand work, “ The Eucalyptographia,” where he says : “Imperfect specimens, collected by Dr. Leichhardt on Dogwood Creek, in Queensland, and designated ‘Rusty Gum-tree,’ seem referable to H. eximia.”
3. In a paper in Vict. Nat., p. 56 (July, 1907), Prof. Ewart deals with #. Leich- hardivi, which he reduces to E. eximia Schauer, var. Leichhardtii Bailey [this should be var. Leichhardtii Ewart, according to a letter from Prof. Ewart.—J.H.M.], and incidentally refers to the fact that Mueller has referred similar specimens, presumably including “imperfect specimens, collected by Dr. Leichhardt on Dogwood Creek in Queensland, and designated ‘ Rusty Gum-tree, seem referable to EH. eximia.” (“ Eucalyptographia,’ under FE. eximia.)
‘A point apparently overlooked by Bailey is that the internal ledge just within the rim is nearly horizontal, instead of sloping inwards and downwards as in E. eximia type, so that the outer chamber of the fruit is saucer-shaped instead of cup-shaped. In this respect, as well as in the size of the fruit, the capsules show an approach to E. maculata, but in the bark, and in other features, the two trees differ considerably.” (Ewart, Joc. cit.)
RANGE.
The type came from Newcastle Range, Queensland, which is east of the Etheridge and the Gilbert, in Northern Queensland, and of the township of Georgetown. It was collected by Mueller during Gregory’s Northern Territory Expedition of 1856,
36
In the “ Eucalyptographia,” Mueller extends the localities as follows: “ On porphyritic mountains at the sources of the Burdekin, Lynd, and Gilbert Rivers (Mueller); on granite hills near Charters Towers, on auriferous formation (Tenison- Woods); at Ravenswood, near the Burdekin River (S. Johnson).”
These are the most northerly localities (see also some mentioned by Leichhardt for “ Rusty Gum” below). Then we have a group of localities around Emerald, Central Railway, while the most southerly locality is that of Leichhardt, on Dogwood Creek, near Dulacca Railway Station. lLeichhardt’s specimens are fragmentary, but I have no doubt as to their identity.
It will thus be seen that E. peltata has a very extensive range 1 in n Queensland, occurring in rather dry situations, and on somewhat sterile soil.
I have a specimen from the Melbourne Herbarium, “£. peltata Benth., E. mellissi- odora Lindl. Newcastle Range (Mueller).” This is Mueller’s label. It haga nearly orbicular leaf, a sucker leaf, as figured in “‘ Eucalyptographia.”
Cape River (Stephen Johnson) in Herb. Melb. Mueller also quotes Charters Towers and Ravenswood, which are in about the same latitude. (Ravenswood is by Rey. J. E. Tenison-Woods. )
“ Yellow Jack.” ‘‘ Rough, scaly yellow bark to branches, wood pale, light brown centre. 30-40 feet high. On granite at 1,600 feet.” ‘Alma-den (R. H. Cambage, Nos. 3884, 3885).
“This species occurs plentifully between Hinasleigh and Wirra Wirra, near Forsayth. Exactly similar trees, as regards appearance and habit, were seen from the train in the Desert near Jericho, to the east of Barcaldine, but as these trees were not examined, their identification is doubtful, though it is understood they are known as Eucalyptus Leichhardiii Bailey.” (R. H. Cambage in Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xlix, 407, 1915.)
All the above localities are in the same general area, viz., the southern part of Cape York Peninsula, and east of the southern part of the Gulf of Carpentaria. This general area includes the localities for the species as quoted by Mueller in the “ Kucalyptographia.”
Going south, we have a Bloodwood, Washpool Creek, Eidsvold (sent by Dr. T. L. Bancroft as E. eximia).
Coming further south, we have “ Yellow Jack,” Chinchilla State Forest. (Forest Ranger George Singleton, C. T. White's No. 12.) This is on the South-Western line. Note also Leichhardt’ s locality of Dogwood Creek, near the modern Dulacca. See below, p. 37.
Further north still, we have a group of localities on the Central Railway.
“ Yellow Jacket,’ Desert Country, west of Emerald (R. Simmonds). From the same locality Mr. J. L. Boorman reports, ‘‘ Tree of medium size (trunks 18 inches to 2 feet in diameter being common), bark of a Bloodwood character, and of a light or yellow colour.”
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“ Yellow Jacket. Medium-sized trees of 30-40 feet. Stems of 1-4 feet in diameter, but never more than 15 feet or so of milling timber, it being generally difficult to obtain more than posts and rails, its principal use. Wood dark brown in centre, pale yellow sapwood. Flaky bark, from base of stem up to branches, having a yellowish appearance.” Beta (J. L. Boorman).
Still a little further, on the same line, viz., at 328 miles from Rockhampton, we have a specimen of the type of E. Leichhardtii, which came from Alice, Central Railway (W. Pagan, through F. M. Bailey).
In considering the range of the speciés, it is necessary to study the notes on Leichhardt’s Rusty Gum, which follow.
The Rusty Gum of Leichhardt :—
Not a mile further on [from his Acacia Creek] we came on a second creek, with running water, which from the number of Dogwood shrubs (Jacksonia), in the full glory of their golden blossoms, I called Dogwood Creek. The creek came from north and north-east, and flowed to the south-west to join the Condamine. The rock of Dogwood Creek is a fine-grained porous Psammite (clayey sandstone) with veins and nodules of iron, like that of Hodgson’s Creek. A new gum-tree, with a rusty-coloured scaly bark, the texture of which, as well as the seed-vessel and the leaf, resembled Bloodwood, but specifically different . . . (Leichhardt’s “ Overland Expedition to Port Essington,” p. 20.)
These are the specimens of Leichhardt referred to by Mueller in the “ Eucalypto- graphia,” under EH. eximia, as probably referable to that species, but they. belong to E. peltata. Dogwood Creek is a little to the south of Dulacca Railway Station on the Western Railway.
If we peruse Leichhardt’s work we find other references to Rusty Gum. Perhaps the following are the whole of them.
At the junction of the Suttor and Cape Rivers, he says, “ The country back from the river is formed by flats alternating with undulations, and is lightly timbered with Silver-leaved Ironbark, Rusty Gum, Moreton Bay Ash and Water-box. The trees are generally stunted and unfit for building . . .” (p. 195).
At p. 208, approximate latitude 20° 8’ 26”, which would bring us to, say, the Charters Towers group of localities, ““ The ridges were covered with Rusty Gum and Narrow-leaved Ironbark.”
Then we have, “ A new Eucalyptus with a glaucous suborbicular subcordate leaf, and the bark of the Rusty Gum; a stunted or middle-sized tree, which grew in great abundance on the ranges” (p. 230). Mr. Cambage tells me that the locality referred to is on the Burdekin River, below Grey Creek, but above the Perry and Clarke Rivers. Roughly 100 miles north-west of Charters Towers, or 100 miles south-east of Einasleigh, or 50 miles south-west of Stone River. The suborbicular, subcordate leaves may, of course, refer to peltate leaves, which are more abundant on some trees than on others. On the other hand, Leichhardt calls it a ‘“‘ new Eucalyptus,’ and he therefore probably thought it different from the trees he usually calls Rusty Gum. On the other hand, it may represent trees with an inordinate proportion of juvenile leaves. The species of Leichhardt’s, p. 230, is therefore doubtful.
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At p. 304, ‘“ We travelled . . . over a succession of plains separated by belts of forest, consisting of Bloodwood, Box, Apple Gum, and Rusty Gum,” This was near the Lynd River.
At p. 355, “Some of the ridges were openly timbered with a rather stunted White Gum tree, and were well grassed, but the grass was wiry and stiff. At the end of our stage, about 16 miles distant from our last camp, we crossed some Rusty Gum MORIN dig O°
At p. 356, “In a patch of Rusty Gum forest we found Acacia equisetifolia and the dwarf Grevillea of the Upper Lynd in blossom. The thyrsi of scarlet flowers of the latter were particularly beautiful.” Here they were a little south of the Albert River of Captain Lort Stokes,
AFFINITIES.
1, With £. latifolia F.v.M.
Possibly a variety or state of some species allied to E. latifolia without the peltate leaves. The specimens are very imperfect. (B.FI. iii, 254.)
In many of its characteristics, especially the form of its fruits, #. peltata approaches to £. latifolia, but the latter is smooth-barked, its leaves are partly almost opposite and always attenuated, with an acute base into their stalk, the lateral veins less prominent, the reticulation of the veinlets also less visible, while the marginal vein is almost confluent with the edge of the leaves, the stalklets of the flowers are of conspicuous length, the lid is single and separates by a less regularly marked dehiscence, and the brownish roughness of the branchlets and foliage is absent, in which latter respects an approach of LH. peltata to E. ferruginea, E. aspera, E. setosa, and £. clavigera is established. (“ Eucalyptographia ’’ under Z. peltata.)
The mistake that E. peltata has peltate leaves in the full-grown state also misled L. Diels, who, in his “‘ Jugendformen und Blutenreife,’ says that, except in these (assumed) adult leaves, ‘‘ otherwise it shows in many characters, especially in the very important shape of the fruit, great approach to #. latifolia. It is more than probable that the two species are closely connected ; indeed, also in their geographical distribution they belong to the same region, 7.e., North-eastern Australia. Unfortunately the ontogeny of E. latifolia is not perfectly known. I could nowhere find a description of the juvenile leaves.”
For £. latifolia, see Plate 168, Part XLI, where it will be seen that the two species are not closely allied. The juvenile leaves of B. latifolia are larger, glabrous, and not peltate. The mature Jeaves are broad. The inflorescence is very different. The flowers are more numerous and, like the fruits, have comparatively long pedicels. The fruits are, for the most part, larger, and have thicker walls; while after the falling of the outer strips of bark the inner bark is yellowish. The bark is not yellowish as a whole, and the timber is red. JH. peltata is a Queensland species, while H. latifolia belongs to the Northern Territory.
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2and 3. With E. miniata A. Cunn., and E. phenicea F.v.M.
E. peltata is, however, well marked, as noticed by myself in 1856 on the sources of the south-eastern rivers of Carpentaria, by the remarkable texture and structure of the bark, in which respect it bears resemblance’ only to BE. phenicea and FH. miniata, constituting with them the section of Lepidophloiz in the cortical system. (“‘ Eucalyptographia,” under £. peltata.)
For £. miniata and E. phexicea see Plate 96, Part XXII, with the juvenile leaves of the former described at p. 37. The juvenile leaves of H. miniata are not petiolate; those of L. phenicea are not known. The buds and fruits are very different from those of EL. peltata, those of E. miniata being very large and ribbed, the ribbing being less marked in LZ. pkanicea. There are other differences that comparison of the figures will readily disclose. The filaments of H. miniata and EF. phenicea are orange to scarlet, while the barks are more lamellar and friable.
4, With EF. Torelliana F.v.M.
Perhaps £. peltata will require to be placed nearest to #. Torelliana, although the latter stands on record as one of the tallest forest trees near Rockingham Bay, with a ‘‘ bark smooth as glass’; moreover, the hairiness of its branchlets and leaf-stalks is more conspicuous, all its leaves are of completely basal insertion and evidently paler beneath, therefore their stomata are not isogenous, but (as tabulated before) heterogeneous; the flowers and fruits may also prove different, the former being only as yet known in an unexpanded state and the latter having never yet been collected at all.
For E. Torelliana see Part XX XIX, Plate 160. It will be at once seen that the two species have much in common—the broad-leaved, hirsute, peltate juvenile leaves, succeeded by narrow-lanceolate leaves, the venation being less fine and feather-like in E. peltata. The difference in the aspect of the trees has already been referred to, the size, bark, and timber being all dissimilar. The buds are different, but the markedly urceolate fruits of E. Torelliana are more markedly so. The latter species is a coastal species with high rainfall. The other is a comparatively dry-country species.
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DESCRIPTION.
COXXX. EF. Watsoniana F.v.M.
In Fragmenta x, 98 (1876).
Fo.itow1ne is a translation of the original :—
A tree with somewhat terete branchlets, leaves sparse, ovate or narrow-lanccolate, slightly falcate, the same colour on both sides, with rather long petioles, imperforate, veins very divergent, faint and abundant, the two longitudinal veins clese to the margin, panicles terminal, few or many flowercd, the last peduncles 2-4 flowered, the rather large campanulate-turbinate almest eccstate calyx-tube the same length as the quadrangular pedicel, the very thick flattish shortly umbonate operculum broader than the smooth calyx-tube, stamens yellowish, all fertile, anthers linear-oblong, dehiscing near the margin, style short, stigma scarcely dilated, fruits large urceolate-campanulate, the sulcate annulate rim slightly descending and broadly encircling the orifice, valves 3-4, celtcid, entirely included, fertile seeds winged, greatly exceeding in size the sterile ones.
In the mountains near Wigton (Queensland) Th. Wentworth Watson.
A tree attaining a height of at least 60 feet. Bark (according to the discoverer) persistent, wrinkled and sometimes scaly, red-brownish. Mature leaves 4-5 inches long, 1-14 inches broad, opaque, papery-coriaceous. Peduncles, with pedicels in twos or fours, fairly strong. Calya-tube (flowering) almost 4 inch long, often covered with little excrescences. Operculum distinctly broader than the calyx-tube, attaining at least } an inch in breadth, shining, sometimes very depressed and with a rather long umbo, sometimes rather convex and terminating gradually in a short point. The longer of the stamens measuring inch, greatly exceeding the style. Anthers at least }.a line long. Calyzx-iube (fruit) an inch long, slightly contracted below the terminating margin. Vertex of the capsule smooth before dehiscing. Seeds brownish, shining; the fertile ones very much compressed, smooth, 2-3 lines long, margin acute. The species is called “‘ Bloodwood ” in its native place.
In our cultivated specimen the opercula are flat, as shown in the drawing. I do not think I have seen an umbo on them. ‘The only cultivated specimen known to me is in the north-eastern part of the Botanic Gardens, growing with a westerly aspect and on rather shallow soil, overlying sandstone. It is about 40 years old, and was raised from seed of the type received by Baron von Mueller. It is about 50 feet in height, and at 3 feet from the ground the stem is 3 ft. 3 in. in circumference, or 13 inches in diameter. ‘The trunk is single and erect, with an umbrageous canopy; the bark is of a dirty paie yellow colour, thick, not furrowed, scaly-fibrous, in thinnish layers. The superficial layers of the bark are deciduous, as in the case of the Yellow-barks. I have not seen a characteristic piece of the timber, and hesitate to damage our tree, but it is not a dark-coloured timber so far as we can see from smail branches. The very young foliage is broadish and triplinerved, sparingly hairy, and not peltate.
AL
RANGE.
This species is only recorded from “ near Wigton; on a tributary of the Boyne River, in the Burnett district” of Queensland, according to “ Eucalyptographia.’’ We know little as to its distribution. The original description says, “ In the mountains near Wigton,” and I suggest, at a guess, that its home is in the Craig’s Range.
I have received it from near Eidsvold (Dr. T. L. Bancroft), and also from Boon- dooma, Burnett district, 70 miles north-west of Wondai (S. J. Higgins, through C. T. White), and would suggest that our Queensland friends be on the lookout for it.
AFFINITIES.
1, With £. urnigera Hook.
“Tt is to be easily distinguished from #. wrnigera by its very fine and abundant venation, by its paniculate flowers and distinctly larger fruits.” (Translation of original.) The principal resemblance between H. Watsoniana and E. urnigera arises from the fact that the fruits of both are urceolate. But reference to Plate 80; Part XVIII (for EZ. urnigera) shows that the detailed resemblance is not very strong. There is some resemblance in the buds, which is accentuated after shrinkage; the number of buds is fewer in LE. urnigera. The foliage is different (although H. Watsoniana rarely suckers in Sydney, and my specimens are unsatisfactory). H. urnigera is a White Gum, and a native. of a cold climate, wood pale, not Bloodwood-like, and the affinities of the species are with the Z. Gunnii group and not with the Bloodwoods.
2. With E. gomphocephala DC.
“.. . further as it is plainly different from all other species except E. gomphocephala on account of the breadth of the operculum, it is to be placed in the series of H. corymbosa.”’ (Translation of original.) Examination of Plate 92, Part XXI (for E. gomphocephala) shows that the two species are not closely related, although there are some general resemblances of buds and fruits. The venation of the leaves is different, E. gomphocephala is a Western Australian tree, H. Watsoniana is from Queensland. The former is a very large tree, strongly calciphile, and with short, fibrous bark like a shorn sheep; the timber is pale and interlocked. ;
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3. With E. maculata Hook.
The relationship of this tree is with H. maculata, but the bark is totally persistent, the leaves are frequently a good deal broader, while their veins are finer and not quite so close, the flowers are often fewer and always conspicuously larger, the lid is ampler than the summit of the calyx-tube and seems to be simple from the commencement, although it exhibits considerable thickness; the fruits are of much larger size, rather expanded than contracted at the summit, with a flatter not suddenly quite descending rim, which latter is separated by a conspicuous circular channel from the tube of the fruit-calyx, while the seeds are larger and the fertile of these more angular. (‘‘ Kucalyptographia,”’ under E. Watsoniana.)
This will be referred to when EF. maculata is reached, in Part XLIII.
4. With FE. eximia Schauer.
“Nearer still (than #. maculata) is the affinity to E. cximia which has likewise persistent and structurally similar bark, also a subtle venation of the leaves and comparatively large fruits” . . . (“ Eucalyptographia,” under EZ. Watsoniana.)
The affinities of these two species will be found dealt with in tabular form at p. 47.
5. With E. corymbosa Sm.
“. . . the fruit bears close resemblance to that of EZ. corymbosa, a species otherwise very different, belonging to the series with hypogenous stomata and having smaller flowers with neither dilated nor polished lid.” (“‘ Eucalyptographia,” under Z. Watsoniana.)
For E. corymbosa see Plates 161 and 162, Part XXXIX. It has a deep red timber, while its bark is hard-flaky and darker in colour than that of EH. Watsoniana. The buds are very different, while the fruits of H. Watsoncana are larger, and have a very
different rim.
6. With FE. Avergiana F.v M.
“ B. Walsoniana recedes (from HL. Abergiana) in narrower leaves equally coloured on either side, calyces with a varnish lustre and fixed to distinct stalklets, a widely dilated lid, which overreaches the orifice of the calyx-tube, longer stamens, fruits wider at the summit with a furrowed broader rim and unappendiculated seeds. (‘‘ Eucalyptographia,’’ under £. Abergiana.)
“FE Atergiana might in thee comparisons be left out of consideration as it has stomata only on the lower page of the leaves, no flower-stalklets, and the lid separating from the tube of the calyx by irregular rupture, a narrower fruit-rim and appendiculated seeds. (Op. cit. under E. Watsomana.)
For E£. Abergiana see Plate 170, Part XLL It has a non-yellow bark and a red timber. The buds are very different in shape, the fruits more sessile, less urceolate
and with a different rim.
43
DESCRIPTION.
COXXXI. E. trachyphloia F.v.M.
In Journ. Linn. Sec. ii, 90 (1859).
FotLow1ne is a translation of the original :—
A tree with angular branchlets, Icaves alternate, moderately petiolate, narrow-lanceolate, subfalcate, narrowed into a fine point, opaque, faintly veined, with pellucid dots, intramarginal vein somewhat close to the edge. Umbels paniculate, 3-5 flowered, pedicels shorter than the peduncle, angled and the same length as the fruit. Frwit small, ecostate, truncate-ovate, three-celled, deltoid valves deeply included, seeds wingless.
On hills near the Burnett River (Queensland). Flowering September and October.
A medium sized tree, the bark persistent on the trunk and branches, ashy brown and rough, breaking into little pieces. Leaves 3-5 inches long, 5-8 lines broad, narrowed into a petiole of 6-9 lines, a little paler on the underside, fruit measuring about 3 lines, gradually contracted at the mouth.
Bentham then described it in B. FI. i, 221 :-—
A moderate-sized tree, with a dark grey rugged bark, persistent. Leaves long-lanceolate, often faleate, 4-6 inches long, with very numerous fine parallel almost transverse veins, the marginal one close to or very near the edge. Flowers not seen. Fruiting-umbels several together in terminal panicles or in the upper axils, each with 3 to 6 pedicellate fruits. Fruit ovoid-truncate, contracted towards the orifice, about 3 lines long, the rim thin, the capsule deeply sunk.
It was described and figured by Mueller in the “ Eucalyptographia,” and he points out that while it attains a height of 80 feet, with a stem-diameter of 2 feet, 5a . . . Inexposed situations on the tops of hills dwarfed in growth and fruiting eieae in a shrubby state.”
The timber is pale-coloured, somewhat like Spotted Gum (E. maculata).
Dr. J. Shirley, gives the aboriginal name as ‘“‘ Gou-unya” in use by the Koola- burra tribe, between Tarromeo and Nanango, South Queensland.
In constituting a forma fruticosa F. M, Bailey, Queensland Agric. Journ. xxv, July, 1910, p. 9, says :—
For many years may have been observed on the Glasshouse Mountain, a dwarf form of our “‘ White Bloodwood.’ It flowers and fruits when only about 5 feet high, and is certainly a worthy plant for garden culture, and if thus brought into use would require some name whereby it might be distinguished from the common form of the species, hence I have attached to it the above name fruticosa. We, however, so far have no proof of seedling plants retaining the dwarf habit, yet there is no reason to suppose otherwise, for this may be looked upon as a sport, like many other variations in the genus. Baron von Mueller notices in his “ Eucalyptographia,”’ Decade 5, this mountain form, but does not mention any particular locality ; it may, however, have been in this same place, for I believe that he and Walter Hill together did some collecting in that locality in the early days of Queensland.
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I do not think it is necessary to give this a formal name, unless it be desired to similarly treat the remainder of the numerous species which, while normally trees, flower in a shrubby state.
RANGE.
The type came from the Burnett River (near Bundaberg), in Queensland, and in the “ Eucalyptographia”’ it was only recorded by the author from central and south Queensland localities, viz. :—‘‘ In poor, hilly country, hitherto traced from Moreton Bay (Bailey) to the Burnett River (Mueller) and the Mackenzie River (Bowman, O’Shanesy), chiefly in the sandstone formation.’ In Queensland, however, it occurs as far north as Stannary Hills, west of Cairns, while since I now record it from Bathurst and Melville Islands, it will doubtless be found to occur on the Cape York peninsula, and in the Northern Territory generally.
Going south, it occurs in New South Wales, as far south as the Goulburn River ~
* and Denman district, occurring over a large area north and north-west, chiefly on poor
sandy and. rocky land, until Queensland is approached and the Queensland localities connected therewith. New South WALEs.
Murrumbo, 50 miles north of Rylstone, near the Goulburn River (R. T. Baker). On sandy conglomerate, probably Narrabeen beds, Baerami, 15 miles west of Denman (R. H. Cambage, 2636). “‘ Plentiful all over the district on the sides and tops of the hills all over the district. The trees have the appearance as if recently rung, as the foliage is of a reddish-brown cast. Small trees 20-30 feet, 1-1} feet, rough pale bark, timber brown, chippy, but hard. Locally known as Bloodwood.” Gungal, near Merriwa (J. L. Boorman). The above three localities are in the same general area.
We are now in the vicinity of the North-west Line and its branches. Bloodwood, 50 feet, 4 feet. Parish Brigalow, county Pottinger (Forest Guard M. H. Simon). “‘ Bloodwood, about 10 miles from Coonabarabran-Gunnedah road” (Dr. Jensen, No. 127). Coonabarabran-Paradine road, near Coonabarabran (W. Forsyth). About 33 miles east of Bugaldi-Coonabarabran road (Dr. H. I. Jensen, No. 95). ‘‘ Bloodwood. Bark lighter than E. corymbosa.” Warrumbungle Range (K. H. F. Swain, No. 35). Arrarownie, Borah Creek, Pilliga Scrub (Dr. Jensen, No. 152). South-east Pilliga (HE. H: F. Swain, No. 22). Central Pilliga on a sterile ridge (EH. H. F. Swain, No. 15). Pilliga East State Forest, county Baradine (Gordon Burrow). On Sandhills. Up to 2 feet diameter. Narrabri(J.H.M.). East Narrabri (J. L. Boorman).
“ Bloodwood. About 30 feet high, 4 feet girth. Associated with #. crebra and Callitris calcarata.” Parish Terrergee, county Courallie, Moree district (HE. H. F. Swain, No. 36). “Little Bloodwood,’ Ticketty Wel!, between Wallangra and Yetman (Forest Assessor A. Julius).
A5
QUEENSLAND. The following specimens were collected by Leichhardt. 1. Debillipalah. 2. Between Myall Creek and Byron’s Plains (22nd May, 1843). 3... . hills, scarce, a slender tree of 3 feet (?), with a scaly bark (4th June, 1843). Dr. John Shirley, of Brisbane, has kindly favoured me with the following comments on these three localities (1, 2, 3) :— 1. Dibillipah is evidently Didillibah, near Woombye, on our North Coast Line, 62 miles north of Brisbane. 2. Between Myall Creek and Byron’s Plains, 22nd May, 1843. Myall Creek is a tributary of the Condamine on the Darling Downs, not far from Oakey, a township on our Western Line, 120 miles from Brisbane. Byron Plains has been searched for by officers of our Survey Department, but with no result. This was not his only visit to this neighbourhood, as Stuart Russell (“ Genesis of Queensland,” p. 360) reports :— ‘“* On my return to Cecil Plains (38 miles from Oakey) alone, one afternoon in the middle of 1844 (just before Leichhardt left for Port Essington) I saw a surprising object a veritable chimney-pot hat . .. . ’*twas Dr. Ludwig Leichhardt’s.”
3...) Hills) . Where was he 4th June, 1843.?
No works to hand will solve this; but he collected mainly on the coastal country north of Brisbane in the early part of 1843, and on the Downs in the latter half.
4, Leichbardt’s label on another specimen is ‘‘ ‘Gala’ tree, very similar to the Bloodwoods in the Sandy Mountain Range, Archer’s Station, 23rd September, 1843.” The Rev. Dr. Lang (“ Cooksland,’ p. 83), quotes a letter from Dr. Leichhardt, dated the 4th of the same month from “‘ Archer's Station, Bunya Bunya.” J would suggest that Leichhardt named the tree because of the parrots called Galahs (Cacatua roseicapella) which frequent this and other Bloodwoods because of the profusion of honey-yielding flowers.
Following are some specimens by later collectors :—
“ White Bloodwood, with broadish leaves,’ South Queensland (Forest Inspector Board). Hight-mile Plains, just south of Brisbane (A. Murphy, J. L. Boorman). Brisbane (J.H.M.). Ipswich-road, near Brisbane, common (C. T. White).
Chinchilla (R. C. Beasley). (We want more localities on this railway line.)
“ Bastard Bloodwood,’ Taylor's Range (F. M. Bailey). The forma fruticosa of F. M. Bailey. Common on top of Mount Ngun Ngun, Glass House Mountains (C. T. White, J. Shirley).
Maryborough (W. H. Simon) “‘ White Bloodwood.” ‘Fairly large trees of 40-60 feet, stems 2-4 feet. Bark whitish, flaky, or even of a Stringybark nature. Timber not much esteemed locally.” Bundaberg, close to the type locality. (J. L. Boorman, J.H.M.)
Near the Comet River (P. O’Shanesy).
46
Rockhampton, with a spherical gall 1} inches in diameter, identical with or closely resembling Brachyscelis pomiformis, see Part XL, p. 318. (J.H.M.)
‘ Bloodwood,” Stannary Hills. (Dr. T. L. Bancroft.)
Percy Island, west gf Mt. Armitage. ‘“‘ Small tree, 20 feet”; Middle Percy Island; low trees growing thickly together, south-east of Middle Percy Island (Henry Tryon).
NoRTHERN TERRITORY.
“Large Bloodwood. This species grows in the open forest country with E. miniata and E. tetradonta on both Melville Island and Bathurst Island. Examples are found on the gentle slopes and along the little streams falling from the higher country to the main waterways, 7.e., the tidal estuaries.” Bathurst Island (G. F. Hill, No. 465).
This is the first record, so far as I am aware, from the Northern Territory, and - we must therefore connect this and the North Queensland localities.
AFFINITIES.
1 and 2. With E£. siderophloia Benth., and EF. crebra F.v.M.
“ EB. trachyphloia, placed by Bentham between #£. siderophloia and E. crebra, is much nearer allied to EB. terminalis and EB. dichromophloia (2s shown in the Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. xi, 43-44), along which species it was placed already in the Jowrn. Linn. Soc. ui, 90.” (‘‘ Eucalyptographia,” under E. siderophloia).
In the same work, under £. trachyphloia, he also compares it with E. crebra in the following words :—
“ec
E. trachyphloia approaches HE. crebra and some cognate Ironbark trees, all of which have the stomata isogenous and show a clear line of dehiscence, by which the lid is separated, while the difference of the anthers separate them even sectionally according to Bentham’s system. Besides, in-#. crebra the lid is not depressed, the fruit is not or less contracted at the summit, and the valves are almost terminal.”’
For E. siderophloia turn to Plate 47, Part X of the present work, and for E. crebra to Plate 53, Part XII. But both these are Ironbarks, and it seems inadvisable at this place to stop to make comparisons between Ironbarks and a Bloodwood, the relation- ships being so distant.
3. With E£. tessellaris F.v.M.
This species shares in some of the characteristics of E. trachyphloia, but irrespective of the discrepancies of the bark differs already in the uniform coloration of the leaves, which latter are also generally longer, are less pointed and show more distinctly the veriation; moreover, the inflorescence is less expanded; the lid is larger and separates by a more sharply defined sutural line from the other portion of the calyx; the fruits are also of greater size, though less hard; the fertile seeds are much larger, comparatively more compressed and distinctly margined; but the last-mentioned characteristic is not well expressed in the lithographic illustration of H. tessellaris now offered, figure 9 having been drawn from wnripe seeds. (“ Eucalyptographia,’’ under Z, tessellaris.)
47
For E. tessellaris, see Plate 156, Part XXXVIII. The juvenile leaves are narrow, the flower buds clavate and decurved. The chief similarity is in the fruits, which much resemble each other in size and outline, but they are otherwise very different. One can readily crush the fruits of Z. tessellaris between the fingers, as their walls are papery like those of #. clavigera and its allies; those of EH. trachyphlova are much more strongly built. The trees are very dissimilar in appearance, LH. tessellaris having tessel- lated bark (and smooth upwards) as its name denotes, while that of HL. trachyphloia has a flaky fibrous bark throughout, with a yellowish cast.
4, With EF. dichromophloia F.v.M.
Its real systematic place should be next to Z. dichromophloia, from which it can be distinguished in rougher bark, in thinner less elongated leaves of a darker green above, and dull paleness beneath (therefore not of equal colour on both sides), with recurved edge, in the want of stomata on the upper page of the leaves, in the calyces of less polished smoothness, in smaller fruits with perhaps never or only rarely four valves, and in the absence of any appendage to the fertile seeds. (“ Eucalyptographia.” under E. trachyphloia.)
For £. dichromophicia, see Plate 165, Part XL. Its affinity to L. trachyphloiais not as close as Mueller thought it was. EH. dichromophloia has a red timber, and a reddish, flaky bark. The juvenile foliage of H. dichromophloia is described at Part XULT,p. 3.
The affinity of HE. trachyphloia is with the Yellow Barks. . eximia, peltata, Watsoniana, and trachyphloia are Yellow-barks ; all have barks fibrous-flaky and more or less yellow, and timbers palish in contrast to reddish, such as that of 2. corymbosa. These Yellow-barks are more stringy than those of the generality of those of the Blood- woods (which are more flaky); in this respect they display affinity to the Peppermints and even to the Stringybarks. The following table shows some of the characters contrasted, so far as it is possible to contrast species so closely related :—
cami. pelia’a. Watsoniana. trachyphloia. |
Juvenile leaves| Peltate ... ...| Peltate 506 ...| Unknown... ..-| Peltate, more hirsute
| than the others.
Mature leaves | Tendency to large) Medium size ...| Medium size ...| Tendency to small size. size.
Buds ... ...| No pedicels; me-) Hardly any pedicels ;| Short pedicels; rather] Distinct and even dium size; coni-| smaller than #.) large; nearly flat) moderately long cal opercula. ELIMAM 5 conical) — opercula. pedicels; small;
opercula. sub-conical oper- el cula.
Fruits... ...| Medium size; ovoid, Small, ovoid ...| Rather large; dis-| Small, slightly urceo- less rarely urceo-| | tinctly urceolate. late. late. |
D
48
DESCRIPTION, COXXXII. EF. hybrida Maiden. In Journ. Roy. Soc. .N.S.W., xlvui, 85 (1913).
FoLLowi1ne is the original description :—
Arbor erecta, altitudine circiter 50 pedes. Cortex cinerea, laevis, corrugata. Lignum pallidum durum. Folia matura lanceolata vel late lanceolata, pallida virentia, tenuiora, circiter 8-12 cm. longa, vena peripherica margini approximata, venis lateralibus patentibus. Flores in breve panicula corymbosa, quaque plerumque 3-6 flora. Calycis tubus conoideus. Operculum acuminatum, calcis tubo aequilongum. Fructus cylindrico-conoidei, circiter 6 mm. lati, in orificium leniter contracti, margine tenui. Valvarum apices plusve minusve depressi, orificium rare tangentes.
An erect tree of about 50 feet high, the tips of the branches smooth, the butt with a sub-fibrous (peppermint-like) or flaky-fibrous and more or less flat-corrugated bark, greyish or blackish externally, hence some trees have been described as ‘‘ Black Box.”
Timber pale-coloured, hard, interlocked, and probably valuable.
Juvenile foliage not seen in the strictly opposite state, but as seen, not different from the mature foliage except in width.
Mature foliage.—Lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, slightly faleate, acuminate, commonly 8 to 12 cm. long. Dull green, the same colour on both sides, rather thin and tough, lateral veins spreading, fine, the intramarginal vein not far removed from the edge of the leaf, oil dots not numerous.
Flowers.—Peduncles of moderate length, angular, usually in a short corymbose panicle, each with- about three to six or sometimes more flowers. Calyx-tube conoid, 5 cm. diameter, often angular, tapering into ashort pedicel. Operculum pointed and as long as the calyx-tube. Stamens inflected in the bud, anthers, small, yellow, opening in small slits near the top, filaments at base, and small gland at back, indubitably showing intermediate characters between the anthers of Z. paniculata and E. hemiphlova.
Fruit.—When immature cylindrical, with a rim round the orifice; when ripe cylindrical to almost conoid, about 6 mm. in diameter, hardly constricted at the orifice, rim thin, tips of valves more or less sunk and rarely flush with the orifice.
RANGE.
Type from Concord, Sydney, N.S.W. (Rey. Dr. Woolls, 1890; R. H. Cambage, 10th February, 1901). It was originally found in Bray’s Paddock, Concord, near Sydney, where I knew of six trees until recently, but building operations may soon exterminate these particular specimens. =
Dr. J. B. Cleland has drawn my attention to a tree on Milson Island, Hawkesbury River (a short distance west of the Railway Bridge), which appears to be identical with that from Concord. £. paniculata Sm. is common on the island, but there is no E. hemiphiova. This suggests that the hybrid originated elsewhere than on Milson Island.
49
AFFINITIES.
The affinities of this species are almost intermediate between EL. paniculata Sim., the Grey Ironbark, and £. hemiphloia F.v.M., the Grey Box.
This is the first species of this genus which has been named with especial reference to its hybrid character. I have a large number of instances of apparently indubitable hybrids. In most cases a pictorial illustration is necessary to make the hybridism clear, and I propose to describe them in this work when dealing with hybridism as a special subject.
Following is the first passage referring to this particular tree. The Cabramatta tree is the plant afterwards described as H. Bcormani Deane and Maiden (see Part X, p- 330 of the present work). Its affinity is with #. s¢derophloia Benth. rather than with E. paniculata Sm. The Ironbark in Mr. Bray’s paddock at Concord is B. hybrida.
The Ironbark group (Schizophloiz) is less liable to variation in the nature of its bark than any of the preceding sections; and yet in some forms of EZ. paniculata the bark is less rough and deeply furrowed than in its allies, whilst in exceptional cases, when it goes under the popular names of “ Ironbark Box” and “ Bastard Ironbark,” the wood and fruit are those of Ironbark, but the bark less rugged. Some years ago, when the late Mr. Thomas Shepherd was residing with Mr. Bell, at Cabramatta, he called my attention to a tree which, so far as its general characters were concerned, appeared to be an Jronbark, the shape of the buds, flowers and fruit being similar to those of EZ. paniculata, and the wood being, in the opinion of the workmen, like the ordinary Ironbark of the neighbourhood. Mr. Shepherd called the tree “Black Box” and “Ironbark Box,” and entertained an idea that it might be an undescribed species. Although I have had specimens of this tree for some years, it is only of late that I have come to the conclusion that the tree in question is really an Ironbark, for on Mr. H. Bray’s property at Concord a similar one has been pointed out to me. This the workmen called ‘“‘ Bastard Ironbark,” as the wood resembles that of Ironbark, whilst the bark is not furrowed as Ironbarks usually are, but is more like that of Box or Woollybutt. Having examined the fruit and leaves of this tree, and having ascertained that the wood is similar to that of Ironbark, I am now convinced that the tree which puzzled Mr. T. Shepherd and that growing in Mr. Bray’s paddock are identical, both of them being varieties of B. paniculata. If hybridisation were possible in the genus, one would think that the “‘ Ironbark Box ” is a cross between Tronbark and Box, but according to the opinion of the late eminent naturalist W. 8. Macleay, F.L.S., the impregnation of the flowers takes place before the operculum falls off, and hence in such a case crossing cannot be effected. As this matter has never been carefully investigated by any observer, nothing like certainty can be affirmed of the probability or Rugeley) of hybridisation. (Rev. Dr. W. Woolls in Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xvi, 60-61, 1891.)
Ten years later Mr. Henry Deane and I drew attention to a Eucalypt which we had received from Mr. R. H. Cambage, and which we thought presented an instance of hybridism. This was the identical tree from Mr. Bray’s paddock at Concord.
We are indebted to specimens of a species from Concord from Mr. R. H. Cambage, and. the examination of the specimens from the point of view of hybridisation is so instructive that we relate it in detail. Mr. Cambage stated that his tree was growing among E. paniculata Sm. (another of the Ironbarks), with HE. hemiphloia near. He added: “ The fruits look like those of H. paniculata, but the bark is not that of an Ironbark. The bark is as smooth as that of E. hemiphloia, and continues right up among the
*branches.” Reference to the herbarium of the late Dr. Woolls showed that he had, many years previously, obtained specimens from the same locality, and following is a.copy of his label: “ Z. paniculata, Bastard Tronbark. Bark something like Woolly Butt or Box.’ The immature fruits have rims which remind one
50
of those of #. melliodora, and while seized of its affinities to E. paniculata, E. siderophloia and B. hemiphlora, there was certainly evidence to look upon it as an aberrant form of #. melliodora and also of Boststoana, an affinity which (as regards the latter species) had already been arrived at by Mueller (though in a different way) as regards the Cabramatta specimens. The fruits are a shade smaller than those of some specimens in our possession, and we have from time to time looked upon the tree as a possible hybrid between E. paniculata and E. hemiphloia, and E. paniculata and E. melliodora respectively. We have examined the trees referred to by Dr. Woolls and Mr. Cambage, and are of opinion that, while they may be properly described as “‘ Black Box ” and “ Ironbark Box,” there are certain points of difference between them and the Cabramatta trees (H. Boormani) which make us hesitate in referring them to the same species. The foliage and fruits are less coarse than those of Cabramatta, and this circumstance, coupled with the fact that the trees grow amongst EH. paniculata, may cause some observers who may be inclined to look upon the Concord trees as hybrids to consider that H. paniculata is one of the parents. Bearing in mind that cases of hybridisation amongst Eucalypts usually break down under fuller examination, we hesitate to believe that we have a case of hybridisation here, and will revert to the subject at some future time.
Four years later I stated that I had no doubt as to its hybrid nature. [Thad had the tree under observation in the meantime, and was of opinion that it was a form sufficiently distinct to receive a name. c
E. paniculata Sm. x hemiphloia F.v.M. In these Proceedings (1901, p. 340) Mr. Deane and I referred, though with some doubt, to a “‘ Black Box” or “‘ Ironbark Box” from Concord, near Sydney. I desire to say that, having kept these trees under observation, I have no doubt as to their being hybrids of the species named. (Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxx, 498, 1905.)
Hight years later still, I described the tree under the name H. hybrida.
51
DESCRIPTION. COXXXII. E. Kruseana F.v.M.
In The Australian Journal of Pharmacy (Melbourne), 20th August, 1895, p. 233.
Ir was described under the heading of “ Description of a new Eucalyptus from south Western Australia.” Following is the original description :—
Branchlets terete; leaves small, opposite, sessile, mostly cordate-orbicular, some verging into a renate form, on both sides as well as the branchlets, peduncles, pedicels and calyces whitish-grey, copiously glandular-dotted, the venules faint, the peripheric close to the edge of the leaves; peduncles compressed, axillary, 3-4 flowered, about half as long as the leaves; pedicels variously shorter than the whole calyx, sometimes quite abbreviated; flowers small; tube of the calyx at first almost hemiellipsoid; operculum semiovate-conical, slightly pointed, about as long as the calyx-tube; filaments yellowish-white, inflected before expansion; anthers somewhat longer than broad, opening by longitudinal slits; stigma hardly broader than the style; fruit-bearing calyx globular semi-ovate, devoid of angulation, contracted at the summit, the rim narrow; valvules enclosed, but nearly reaching the orifice, usually four. Height of the plant unrecorded, but probably of shrubby stature. Leaves firm, of 2-14 inch measurement. Calyces, inclusive of the lid, hardly above } inch long. Fruit-calyx as broad as long, measuring fully } inch. Matured seeds as yet unavailable.
It was named in honour of the late Mr. John Kruse, of Melbourne.
°
SYNONYM.
E. Morrisoni Maiden.
I described EB. Morrisoni in the Journ. Nat. Hist. and Science Soc. of W.A., vol. iii, p. 44 (1910). I find that the two species are identical, and therefore #. Morrisoni must fall. I endeavoured to see Mueller’s type many years ago, but it was detained by Mueller’s trustees for a number of years, and was not seen by me until Prof. Ewart showed it to me in August, 1911. (Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xlix, 328, 1915.)
Inasmuch as the description of £. Morrisoni usefully supplements that of Mueller’s in certain points, I give it here. H. Kruseana was described with 3-4 flowers, E. Morrisoni up to 7. There are lesser differences.
A straggling shrub, about 8 feet high. One patch seen 50-150 miles east of Kalgoorlie, Trans- continental Survey. Collected by Henry Deane, M.A., M.Inst.C.E., Consulting Engineer, May, 1909.
Frutex ramis sparsis circiter 2-5 m. altus. Folia glauca, coriacea, conferta, orbiculata, 1-2 em. diametro, amplexicaula, inconspicue venosa.
Flores conferti in fine ramorum umbellis usque ad 7 in capitulo, brevissime pedicellati. Calyx subconicus, sine angulis, gradatim in pedicello, operculum simile forma magnitu lineque.
52
Filamenta sulphurea, antherea duabus cellis didymis, glandula magna. Fructus subcylindricus, circiter 6 mm. longus 5 vel 6 mm. latus. Capsula mersa sub orificio.
Videtur #. pulvigere forsan approximandus.
Juvenile leayes.—No very young leaves collected. Probably there is no difference between the juvenile and mature leaves.
Mature leayes.—Glaucous on both sides, coriaceous, crowded, the branchlets rounded. All nearly orbicular and varying in diameter from about 1 to 2 cm. slightly amplexicaul, apex usually absent or slightly emarginate. Midrib moderately conspicuous for the basal half of its length; lateral veins anastomosing. Incipient crenulations on the margin in some leaves.
Buds and Flowers.—Crowded at the ends of the branchlets in umbels up to seven in the head. Very shortly pedicellate; the common peduncle short also. Calyx conoid; not angular, tapering gradually into the pedicel; the operculum similar in shape and size, often bent or curved at the top.
Filaments yellow, the anthers with two parallel cells joined together for their whole length, and with a very large gland at the back.
Fruits.—In branchlets forming a compound panicle, the individual fruits subcylindrical, about: 6 mm. long and 5 or 6 mm. broad, sharply separated from the pedicel. Capsule well sunk below the orifice, valves three or four.
In honour of Dr. Alexander Morrison, formerly Government Botanist of Western Australia, who has done so much to diffuse a knowledge of the vegetation of his State.
(The notes on the leaves will be seen under “‘ Affinities” at p. 53.)
RANGE.
It is confined to Western Australia, so far as we know at present.
The type came from Fraser’s Range (J. D. Batt), while Mueller’s locality for the type is given in the description as “ Fraser's Range, South Western Australia.” The specimen itself bears the inscription, ‘‘ 100 miles north of Israelite Bay,’ and doubtless refers to the same locality. My locality for E. Morrisoni, ‘‘ 50-150 miles east of Kalgoorlie,’ Transcontinental Railway Survey, is new, but is in the same general locality as the preceding. (Maiden in Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S. W., xlix, 329.)
I have not seen a specimen from any other locality, and invite attention of collectors to this dainty-foliaged small species.
53
AFFINITIES.
1, With FE. Perriniana F.v.M.
Related to Eucalyptus gamophylla, E. orbifolia, and E. Perriniana. The latter (last), however. is from cold mountain regions of Tasmania, and its leaves, free from each other only in the early stage of - the young plants, become connate when the trees attain some height, they then resemble those of E. Risdoni (probably the Huc. perfoliata of Desfontaines), although the species belongs to the series of Parallelanthere. (Original description.)
For E. Perriniana see Part XXVI and Plate 108. All the leaves of that species are not isoblastic ; a lanceolate leaf is figured at 1d, Plate 108. The leaves of E. Kruseana are much smaller, and, so far as we know, the juvenile leaves are neither connate nor perfoliate. 2. Perriniana is a larger plant (though not very large), with flowers apparently always in threes, and with larger, hemispherical fruits.
2. With E. gamophylla F.v.M.
E. gamophylla is likewise separated from the present new species by the concrescently paired leaves ; moreover its pedicels are almost obliterated, the fruit-bearing calyces are much longer than broad, bearing the valvules at a higher insertion. (Original description.)
For E. gamophylla see Part XXXV, with Plate 147. This again is a perfoliate
species, succeeded by nazrower lanceolate leaves ; the leaves are not orbicular. The inflorescence is more paniculate and the fruits more cylindroid, while it is a tree yielding timber at least 8 inches in diameter.
3. With F£. orbifolia F.v.M.
The differences of E. orbifolia are obvious, consisting in scattered stalked leaves, larger flowers, semiglobular calyx-tube, proportionately longer operculum and exserted fruit valvules. (Original description.)
For #. orbifolia let us turn to Part XVII, with Plate 74. We know but little of the species, but it is sufficient to say that they are very different.
Following is an addendum I gave to my description of Z. Morrison¢ :—
A few additional notes will be found in square brackets. The general question of the comparative morphology of the leaves of all species remains to be presented when the subject of Morphology is reached.
“ E. Morrisoni belongs to the somewhat heterogeneous group (as regards affinities) of species with perfoliate or otherwise strictly opposite (sessile) leaves in the mature stage.
It would appear from B. Fl. ii, 187, that Bentham did not attach much importance to shape of sucker or juvenile leaves.
Nevertheless, he used these young leaves to some extent for classification pur- poses, e.g., “‘ Leaves in the young saplings of many species and perhaps all in some species” [my italics] “ horizontal, opposite, sessile and cordate.” (B.FI. ili, 185.)
54
Some species so included in Bentham’s time are now known not to be sessile throughout life, and it is very possible that, as time goes on, it will be found that all Kucalypts are heteroblastic (lastos, a shoot), ie, having juvenile leaves different from mature ones. This, if proved, will come about in two ways, by (a) the discovery of two kinds of leaves on existing isoblastic species, or (b) the discovery of two species (now - accounted isoblastic), one with cordate, &c., leaves entirely, and the other with usual falcate, &c., leaves entirely to be conspecific.
_ We have much to learn in regard to the effect of changed environment on different species of Eucalyptus, and experiments in cultivation have thrown, and will continue to do so, much light wpon variation in this direction.
So far as I know, the only species of Eucalyptus (in addition to the present one) which are isoblastic are :—
1. E. pulvigera A. Cunn. A rare New South Wales species. [By this HZ. pul- verulenta Sims is meant. See Plate 91, Part XXI of the pres nt work.]
2. E. cordata Labill. A Tasmanian species. [See Plate 84, Part XIX.]
3. E. macrocarpa Hook, A very coarse Western Australian species. [See Plate 77, Part XVIII. In Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., lii, 70 (1919), I have drawn attention to the fact that there is a tendency to heteroblasticity in this species. |
4. E. pruinosa Schauer. Indigenous to Western Australia, North Australia, North Queensland. (I have seedlings of this species raised from seed collected by Prof. Baldwin Spencer, at Whanalowra (?), Northern Territory, in 1903, which are distinctly pedicellate!) [See Plate 54, Part XII]
5. E. ferruginea Schauer. With sessile, cordate, rusty pubescent leaves—an Angophoroid species from Western Australia and North Australia.
6. LE. setosa Schauer. A sessile, cordate, Angophoroid species, with bristly branchlets, from Queensland and North Australia. [The figures on Plate 158, Part XXXVIII, show that £. setosa cannot be longer considered as isoblastic, and that Plate 159 shows that FE. ferruginea is becoming heteroblastic, and that probably more active observation will produce additional evidence in that direction. |
Then we have, in a class by itself :—
7. E. perfoliata R.Br., with very large perfoliate, connate leaves and fruits. In this case two opposite leaves cohere into a single jamella, which is pierced by the stem. From Western Australia. [See Part XLIV.]
8. LE. gamophylla F.v.M., as figured by Mueller in “ Eucalyptographia,”’ shows no stalked leaves, but it becomes eventually lanceolate and very shortly stalked. See a specimen from Central Australia, collected by C. Winnecke about 1884 (Herb. Melb.), thus leaving E. perfoliata the only connate-leaved species to date. [See Plate 147, Part XX XV of the present work. |
9. E. peltata Benth. is worthy of special mention. Its leaves are alternate, peltately attached to the petiole above the base, and broadly ovate. This unique species is figured in “‘ Eucalyptographia,’ and morphologically it is an incipient
ee
55
form of the connate-petiolate leaf. [The ‘ Eucalyptographia ” plate is erroneous. The adult leaves are not peltate, but lanceolate, as is shown in the present Part. See p. 33 above.]
Therefore our new species presents affinities to #. pruinosa Schauer, HL. pul- vigera A, Cunn., E. cordata Labill., E. macrocarpa Hook., E. ferruginea Schauer, and E, setosa Schauer. i
It differs from all cf them.in colour of the filaments, from E. macrocarpa it is sharply separated in the size and shape of the fruits, from EF. ferruginea and E. setosa in the leaves, fruits, vestiture, &c.
Then there remain H. pulvigera, E. cordata, E. pruinosa.
From £. pulvigera it differs in the very much larger leaves of that species, in the shape of the buds, slightly in the anthers (see below), in the fruits in threes. The fruits are also very much larger, more hemispherical, with a defined rim, and are sessile on a common peduncle.
From £. cordata it differs in the foliage (larger even than E. pulvigera), in the fruits, which are large and almost hemispherical ; the other characters are those of E. pulvigera.
The anthers of £. pulvigera and E. cordata are identical. They also very strongly resemble those of EZ. Morrisonz, but they appear to differ in having a smaller gland and in being more versatile.
From E. pruinosa it differs in the very much larger leaves (usually elliptical or tending to lanceolate), larger and more numerous flowers and fruits. The fruits also have a well-defined rim, and, like the branchlets and pedicels, are more or less angular. The two species are sharply different in the anthers, which, in the case of E. pruinosa, belong to a section with a small gland at the top and small openings of
anthers.”
56
DESCRIPTION. COXXXIV. E. Dawsoni R. T. Baker.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxiv, 295 (1899), with a Plate (XXI).
E. Dawsoni is referred to at Part XIII, p. 109 of the present work (1911), but is there looked upon as a synonym of EL. polyanthemos. In Part LIX, p. 242, of my “ Forest Floza of New South Wales” (1916) I was inclined to recognise Z. Dawsoni as a separate species, but hesitated, for reasons stated. I have now come to the conclusion that E. Dawsoni is sufficiently distinct.
Following is the original description :—
A tall tree with a smooth bark, the foliage, branchlets, buds and fruits glaucous. Young leaves broadly lanceolate 6 inches long and over 3 inches wide, on a petiole over an inch long, very obtuse, glaucous on both sides, venation distinct. Mature leaves mostly short, oblong-lanceolate, very obtuse, rarely acuminate, occasionally reddish in colour, venation fairly distinct, lateral veins not distant, intramarginal vein close to the edge. Peduncles axillary but mostly in large terminal corymbs, exceeding the leaves. Buds on young trecs 3 lines long, 14 lines in diameter, sessile or on short pedicels; operculum hemispherical, obtuse; on mature trees 4 to 5 lines long, 1 line in diameter, the calyx tapering into a filiform pedicel, operculum conical, acute. Cvary domed at the summit. Stamens all fertile, inflexed in the bud, filaments thick in proportion to the diameter of the anthers. Anthers very small, cylindrical, rounded at the base and truncate at the top, opening by terminal pores. Fruit small, turbinate, pedicel almest filiform, mostly a line in diameter and under 2 lines long, rim thin, capsule sunken, valves not exserted.
illustrations.
It is figured (as £. polyanthemos) in Plate 58 (Part XIII) of the present work, under the following figures :—4, 9, 10, 11. With the figures now submitted (5-8, Plate 175) it 1s suggested that the characters of the species are clear.
SYNONYM.
None, but hitherto included by me in LE. polyanthemos. It is undoubtedly a geminate species.
RANGE.
The species is confined-to New South Wales as far as we know. In the original description we have the following localities. ‘‘ Ridges on the watershed of the Goulburn River (R. T. Baker); across the main Divide at Cassilis, and north-west to Pilliga (Prot. W. H. Warren).”
57
To which may be added the following, some of which are supplementary localities.
Bylong, 32 miles from Rylstone (R. T. Baker). The type. Also Murrumbo. “ Red Box, Slaty Gum,” Gulgong (J. L. Boorman and J.H.M.).
Cobborah (between Dubbo and Dunedoo) (District Forester Marriott). Dunedoo (Forest Guard C. H. Gardner).
“Red Gum Nos. 1 end 2.” Murrurundi (Forester L. A. Macqueen, 1913). Baerami, Denman (R. H. Cambage, Nos. 2710, 2711).
The following specimens of £. Dawsonz in the National Herbarium, Melbourne, were looked upon by Mueller as H. polyanthemos. ‘“‘ Ridges near Mudgee’”’ (Rev. Dr. Woolls, October, 1886); Mudgee road (Woolls), under 2. polyanthemos in B.FI. in. 214.
APE TNE s.
With £. polyanthemos Schauer.
I think that Part XIII, p. 114,'&c., of this work, and Part LIX, p. 214, &c., of my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales”’ are eloquent as to the affinities of the two species.
Mr. Baker, in his original description of the species (op. cit., p. 296) does nos clearly contrast it with others. Speaking of it and HL. polyanthemos he says :—* The sucker and mature leaves of both species are different as well as the venation. The leaves of LE. Dawsoni are almost always glaucous, as well as the buds and fruits, a feature rarely found in FL. polyanthemos.”’
The describer speaks of LZ. Dawsoni as a tree with a smooth bark—growing “ to a great height with a splendidly straight, branchless trunk, and always occurs under the ridges, never being found on the summit nor at the base.” It seems to me that the most outstanding differences between the two species consist in the larger size, the more erect habit, and the smoother bark of EL. Dawsonc.
I cannot satisfy myself that there are important differences in the juvenile leaves of the two species; the mature leaves are more commonly orbicular, or comparatively broad, in E. polyanthemos, the foliage of EH. Dawsoni being more commonly lanceolate.
The fruits of £. Dawsoni appear to have thinner walls, and to be more conical than those of £. polyanthemos; the latter are usually more pear-shaped. At the same time the fruits are often so similar that they are not easily separated.
The staminal ring (fig. 7a, Plate 175) seems more deciduous, with the stamens attached, in H. Dawsoni than in E. polyanthemos, but this is a matter for investigation with additional material.
58
_ DESCRIPTION.
LX, EF. polyanthemos Schauer.
For a description of this species, see p. 109, Part XIII of this work. It will ke observed that, at p. 56 of the present Part, Z. Dawsoni R. T. Baker has been recognised as a species distinct from E. polyanthemos.
Tilustrations.
In Plate 223, Part LIX of my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales,’ I figured the type specimen of E. polyanthemos Schauer.
Most of the leaves are orbicular, and I find that the plate is incomplete to the extent that I did not also figure the lanceolate leaves which are often found on trecs bearing orbicular and broadly lanceolate leaves as on the type.
If, however, Plate 58 of Part XIII of the ‘‘ Critical Revision”’ be turned to, it will be found that (as explained at p. 56) while figures 4, 9, 10, 11 are LE. Dawsoni, and show lanceolate leaves, Nos. 3, 5, 8 also show lanceolate leaves, and are true E. polyanthemos.
The Bark.
The “‘ North of Bathurst” tree (the type of E. polyanthemos) has a more or less rough, flaky bark, but it varies, within limits, as to the amount of fibre and the distance the roughness reaches up the bole. See also Cudal (W. F. Blakely), Hill End (R. H. Cambage), p. 61, for local descriptions more or less full.
The north-east of Victoria and the southern New South Wales tree was described by the late Dr. A. W. Howitt as having a “ gnarled, greyish boxy bark” and “ bark grey, persistent, and looks often scaly.” “ At first sight the tree resembles somewhat E. hemiphloia variety albens in its bark.”’. Mr. Baeuerlen, speaking of trees near Bombala, N.S. W., says, “ bark light or yellow-grey, fibrous, persistent except on the topmost smallest branchlets.”
Speaking of the Tumberumba district, N.8.W., Mr. R. H. Cambage says :— ‘““ In comparing these trees with the Victorian and Bathurst Red Box, they appear to more nearly resemble the former, but this is chiefly owing to their having Pox bark covering the trunk and himbs. The fruit might belong to either, while, from a cursory examination, the red timber of all three appears the same. In foliage, however, the Kyeamba trees closely resemble the Bathurst Red Box, which has been described by R.T. Baker under the name £. ovalifolia (these Proceedings, 1900, p. 680). (Proc. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., xxix, 687.) EE en
59
See also the description of the bark under Wyndham (J. L. Boorman); near Albury (Bishop J. W. Dwyer); Canberra (R. H. Cambage).
The use of the term Box as applied to this tree has caused some confusion. The earliest settlers probably applied the name to a half-barked sub-fibrous barked tree, which Sydney people know as Box (EF. hemiphloia). Later settlers, in the drier parts, refer to a bark which is often less fibrous and more flaky, eg., as is often seen in E. mellicdora. Ibtave seen the trees over much of the range of the species in New South Wales and Victoria, and am satisfied that the ‘‘ north of Bathurst” (the type) and the Southern Tableland (and Victorian) trees do not really differ in bark. There are, of course, differences in the barks as regards individual trees, particularly in localities far apart, as one would naturally expect.
E. polyanthemos has lanceolate leaves.
The following specimens were seen by Mueller and labelled by him E. poly- anthemos; all kave lanceolate leaves, which indeed are often seen on the upper branches of the species. It is, indeed, a matter of common observation that towards the top of an adult tree the leaves become smaller or more lanceo'ate. This has been already referred to under “Illustrations.”
_ Mr. R. H. Cambage (op. cit.) points out the vaviation in the leaves of this species. Besides the examples to he immcdiately cited, see the references under ‘‘ Range”’ to the Federal Territory leaves (Weston, Camkage), and Hill End (Cambage).
1. “‘ Den.’ Narrow-leaved Grey Box. The young saplings have round blue leaves, the old trees as within [7.c., lanceolate leaves.—J.H.M.]. Bark grey, persistent, and looks often scaly. The smallest branches are smooth. This tree when young often grows as a number of saplings from the same root. The trunk has often swellings and knobs, and is frequently largest just where it springs from the ground (Iguana Creek, Gippsland, A. W. Howitt, No. 10).
As to the use of the name Den, see the present work XIII, p. 109. These speci- mens show that, even if this aboriginal name is given to another species, it is certainly applied to E. polyanthemos.
2. In“ E. polyanthemos, Snowy River, Gippsland (R. Rowe per Charles Walter),”’ the leaves vary from broadly lanceolate to lanceolate and even narrow-lanceolate. There are no orbicular leaves amongst them.
3. Mudgee road, N.S.W. The specimen is identical with Schauer’s, but the sender [not named.—J.H.M.] writes :—‘‘ In the larger trees the leaves are ovate- lanceolate.”
Other specimens in the Melbourne Herbarium including lanceolate leaves are :— Daylesford (J. R. Tovey); County of Talbot (F. M. Reader). Both Victoria.
60
KANG:
This has already been described at pages 112-115 of Part XIII. In view of the confusion that has gathered about some specimens, I give the following labels of speci- mens in the Melbourne Herbarium seen by Mueller, which have been sent to me by Professor Ewart. I have excluded those specimens of Z. Dawsoni and E. Baueriana which Mueller attributed to EL. polyanthemos. ‘The labels of these specimens are, in some cases, referred to at p. 113, sometimes with some change in the verbiage. In most cases the leaves are orbicular to broad- or oblong-lanceolate.
VICTORIA (SEEN BY MUELLER).
McAllister River (Mueller, 1858). Seen by Bentham.
“ ill Box, Red Wood,’ Mt. Kosciusko Range (Find’ay, January, 1880). Wangaratta. Also timber No. B2, from same locality.
Beechworth and near Chiltern (A. W. Howitt). Ovens River (Mueller, January, 1853). Seen by Bentham.
Bindi (?). Gippsland (Mr. O’ Rourke, A. W. Howitt).
Heyfield and Euroa (A. W. Howitt).
Upper Avoca and Loddon Rivers (A. C. Purdie, 1894).
With lanceolate leaves, Ravenswood (Walter K. Bissill).
Red Box. Wood red, close-grained, durable and very useful. Warrandyte, July, 1874 (? Walter). ,
‘“ Walter's timber specimen from Anderson's Creek.”
New SourH WAatLEs (SEEN BY MUELLER).
Delegate district (W. Baeuerlen, March, 1885, No. 124). Flowering as a shrub about 8 or 10 feet high, very spreading. Occurring only once ona hill here. Quiedong, near Bombala (W. Baeuerlen, March, 1887, No. 419). Bark light or yellow-grey, fibrous, persistent except on the topmost smallest branchlets. Trunk 2-3 feet, low, soon dividing. Branches wide-spreading. 50-60 feet high (do. No. 418).
“ White Box. Upright tree 50-70 feet high. 2-3 feet diameter. Common in Lachlan and Murrumbidgee districts.” (J. Duff, 1883, No. 44.)
°
New SoutH WALES. Following are some additional specimens in the National Herbarium, Sydney :— “Small to medium-sized trees up to 40 or 50 feet. Bark ribbony or coming away in flakes, leaving a mottled patchy stem of red and grey. Foliage varying in size and shape; a most variable tree. Timber spoken of locally as first-class, but seldom reaches mill-size in the district.’ Wyndham (J. L. Boorman).
61
“Has a persistent, rather rough bark; spreading and rarely tall. Locally called ‘ Black Box’ (?) near Bega.” (W. D. Francis).
“ Bark fibrous, persistent up to the branches, then whitish. About 50 feet high. Flowers creamy white, buds ashy.” Albury (Rev., now Bishop J. W. Dwyer, No. 111). Albury (A. V. Frauenfelder).
Gundaroo (Rev. J. W. Dwyer). Mt. Stromlo, Federal Territory (C. J. Weston). With cylindroid fruits and lanceolate leaves. Malcolmvale, Majura, Federal Territory (C. J. Weston, No. 48. Smooth bark, almost to ground; some of the leaves lanceolate. Towards Murrumbidgee from Canberra (R. H. Cambage, No. 2974).
Very common throughout the district and known as“ Red Box.” It occasionally produces a straight, workable timber, which is said to be excellent for all purposes, but usually it is a small much-branched tree. It suckers freely, and 1s a good honey plant. Trunkey (J. L. Boorman).
“Red Box; gum bark, except at base.” With lanceolate leaves, Hill End (R. H. Cambage, No. 2751).
Bumbery (J. L. Boorman).
“ Rather low, well-branched trees. The bark white or greyish. Timber chiefly used for fencing, height 40-50 feet, girth 3 to 4 feet.” Box from the ranges, Mount Esk, Bowan Park, near Cudal (W. F. Blakely).
fee IUINY! NBS.
These are dealt with at p. 116 of Part XIII, and it is only necessary to add E. Dawsoni to the species there enumerated. The differences between EL. polyanthemos and this species are Cealt with at p. 57 of the present Part.
DESCRIPTION. LX1IV. EF. Baueriana Schauer.
FigureED and described at p. 120, Plate 59, Part XIII, of this work. Seealsop. 149, Plate 215, Part LVII of my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales.”
RANGE.
The following specimens from the Melbourne Herbarium have been lent to me by Professor Ewart. They were all labelled E. polyanthemos by Mueller and are very interesting on that account, since they help to interpret his own and Bentham’s writings on that species. They usefully supplement the list of localities given at pages 122-3 of Part XIII of the present work. |
ViIcTORIA (SEEN BY MUELLER). Australia Felix (J. Dallachy, 1852). ‘Beyond Mount Disappointment”? with narrow- to broad-lanceolate leaves (Mueller); about Station Peak (Mueller; both early fifties). Lake Wellington, Lake Tyers, Mitchells River and Tambo. (Mueller.) Upper Genoa River; Rhytiphloie (Mueller, September, 1860).
New SoutH WALES (SEEN BY MUELLER).
1. “‘ Poplar leaf Box,’ Round leaf or Poplar Box. No attributes of “Gum” about it. Very ornamental. Hard to kill, Flowers most abundant. Rich in honey. Candelo, damp gullies and river banks near the sea. E
2. Bark rugose, reticulately wrinkled, dull olive green or ash grey, smaller branches smooth, green. Farrel 20-40 feet. Diameter 18 inches—3 feet. Murrah River to Towamba, along the coast, and a path at Wolumla Camping Reserve. (Both 1 and 2, Tyrone White, 1885.)
‘** Round-leaved Box, Ulladulla (J. S. Allan, No. 8B).
(The above are South Coast.)
‘* Bark slightly furrowed and grey. Spreading tree 40 feet high, stem 2 feet
diameter. Liverpool (John Duff),
63
The following were collected by Rev. Dr. Woolls, and the labels bear some of his remarks, which explain some of his writings :— 1. “ Hemiphloiz. Bastard Box. Very like the ‘true Box’ in appearance (E. hemiphloia). May be EL. populnea or E. (c) gneorifolia.” This specimen was labelled E. polyanthemos by both Mueller and Bentham. Fairfield. (H. populnea isa synonym of E. populifolia. See Part X, p. 340.)
2. “ Poplar-leaved Gum. Rhytiphloiz. Bark persistent. Small tree on the Nepean called Lignum Vite. Heart wood very hard. E. populnea? See Hooker.” Labelled EL. polyanthema Schauer by Mueller, and Bentham concurred.
3. “ E. populnea. On the banks of the Nepean. Bark like Stringybark, but not so fibrous. Sometimes called Bastard Box. I think this must be EL. populnea. Wood very hard, used for rough furniture. Small tree called Lignum Vite.”
Following are specimens additional to those seen by Mueller or recorded by myself, op. cit. :—
Southern New South Wales.—* Small trees or large shrubs, leafy from the ground upwards. Locally known as Pastard Box.” Eden-Towamba (J. L. Boorman), ‘“ Blue Box,” near Cobargo (W. Dunn). Moruya (E. Breakwell).
“ Exceedingly large trees, having large and round stems, of a Pox-like scaly appearance. Yield a large amount of good, sound timber for use in fencing and such- like purposes. Has yielded most of the fencing on the Bodalla Estate. Fairly common. Nerrigundah (J. L. Boorman).
Cobbitty, near Camden, on the river Nepean banks (J.H.M.). Northern New South Wales.—Enmore, 18 miles east of Uralla, head waters of the
Macleay River. “ On Silurian (?) slate formation, 3,300 feet above sea level. Greatest elevation known to me for this species.” (R. H. Cambage.)
64
DESCRIPTION.
CCOXXXV. FE. conica Deane and Maiden.
In Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xxiv, 612 (1899), with a Plate.
Tue description will be found at p. 123, Part XIII, of the present work, and figures at Plate 60. Itis also figured at Plate 219, Part LVIII of my “ Forest Flora of New South Wales.”
SYNONYM.
E. Baueriana Schauer var. conica Maiden, in this work, p. 128, Part XIIL
In certain cases (of which this is one), it is a matter of honest opinion as to whether a plant may be looked upon as a variety of a certain species or not. It is a geminate species with #. Bawertana, and | think that convenience will be better served by looking upon £. conica as distinct.
RANGE.
It is confined to New South Wales and Queensland so far as we know, and many localities are cited at p. 124, Part XIII of the present work. The following are additional :—
New Soutu WaAtzgs.
“ Large fuzzy Box-trees, 40-60 feet. It grows in a low moist place, subject to occasional floods.” Yalgogrin (J. L. Boorman).
“A White Box. Has a rough white bark almost to tips of limbs; practically no bole; of a spreading and gnarled appearance, and useless.” Cumbijowa State Forest, 12 miles east of Forbes (Forest Guard K. Walker).
“ Like Peppermint, 24 inches diameter, 30 feet high. Rough grey bark, clean at tips of branches; growing on high country.” (Harvey Range State Forest.)
65 “ Yamble Box.” Near Yamble, via Mudgee (A. Murphy).
Near Tingha (Gordon Burrow; I have not specimens, but do pot dispute the record).
‘““ White Peppermint. A huge tree, in appearance like E. Stwartiana; a rough white bark. Parish Nangarah, County Darling, near Barraba(W. A. W. de Beuzeville).
‘“ Fairly large tree, branches somewhat pendulous. Rough and fibrous bark on trunk and large branches, clean upper branches. Growing on alluvial flats at Arra- rownie, head of Bohena Creek, Pilliga Scrub, 35 miles south of Narrabri (Forest Guard T. W. Taylor, No. 82). “A White Box, rather smooth white bark.” Baradine and Bohena Creeks, Pilliga Scrub (W. A. W. de Beuzeville). ‘‘ Bastard Box,’ Baradine district (Dr. H. I. Jensen, No. 75). “‘ Box, rough bark to top. 40 feet high, 40 inches in girth.” Parish Bomera, County Pottinger (Forest Guard M. H. Simon). “ Narrow blue-leaf Box. 60 feet high, branching low.” Pilliga (E. H. F. Swain); Puilliga Forest (Gordon Burrow).
QUEENSLAND.
Stanthorpe (J. L. Boorman); Warwick (Dr. J. Shirley); ‘‘ Box,’ Gowrie, Little Plain (W. F. Gray).
LXX. E. concolor Schauer.
The Type. The concolor confusion.
2
Tur type of this species comes from limestone hills near Fremantle, Western Australia, as stated at p. 153, Part XIV of this work. A good deal of confusion has gathered around it, partly because the incomplete material available could not be interpreted at the time.
Bentham (B.FI. iii, 249) quotes, in addition to the type, only specimens which come from the south coast, hundreds of miles from the type locality.
In Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xlvui, 231 (1913), I have drawn attention to two specimens of the type lent to me by Dr. Fischer von Waldheim, then of the St. Peters- burg Herbarium. Careful drawings were made of the specimens before returning them, but one was in leaf only and the other was in flower, but without opercula. With additional experience gained since then, and comparison cf all material obtained from the Fremantle district (including Claremont), I find that figures 7 a-d, Plate 63, are practically identical with the type of BE. concolor.
Fremantle material has, by Bentham, local botanists and myself, been included in three species in all, viz., E. decipiens, wncinata, and falcata. Following are references which will help to elucidate this :—
1, Under E£. decipiens Endl. See Part XIV, last paragraph of p. 151, also Plate 63, figs. 7 a-d. Near Claremont Asylum, Perth, “ practically a type locality of ZH. concolor.” In other words, I figured practically a typical specimen of E. concolor as E. decipiens.
Mr. W. V. Fitzgerald, a well-informed Western Australian botanist, wrote, “EB. decipiens Endl. The Fremantle form consists of small thickets of erect shrubs, 8-12 feet high, growing on tertiary limestone.”
Bentham (B.Fl. iii) kept E. decipiens and E. concolor very far apart in his classification. Both under E£. decipiens (p. 218) and under HF. concolor (p. 247) he recognises shrubby and tree forms, but although he gives a far larger ultimate size to the former, he, speaking of the latter, says, ‘‘ larger and more rigid (than E. decipiens) in all its parts.” To what extent the shrubby and tree forms are to be divided amongst E. decipiens and E. concolor begs the question as to whether the two species are really different.
In Proc. Roy. Soc. N.S.W., xlvii, 231 (1913) I express the opinion that E. decipiens and E. concolor are not specifically different, in which case E. decipiens, being the older name, would stand. In view of the fact that inquiry is still
67
proceeding as to the relations of shrubs and trees from, say, the Swan River to King George’s Sound, hitherto variously attributed to EZ. concolor and to E. decipiens, the matter may well stand over for a reasonable time.
It may turn out that— (a) E. concolor is the Fremantle form of E. decipiens.
(b) E. decipiens var. angustifolia (see Part XIV, p. 149) is an even narrower-leaved form of £. decipiens than is typical E. concolor.
2. Under E. uncinata Turcz. See Part XIV, and ab p. 145 we have Subiaco Beach near Fremantle (Dr. J. B. Cleland) and 3 miles south of Fremantle (W. V. Fitzgerald). I have also received specimens from “near Fremantle, Limestone” (C. Andrews). Not only did Mr. Fitzgerald, but also Mr. Ardrews, another competent botanist, label them EZ. uncinata. They had not seen the type of E. uncinata, the forms of which have not even yet been fully worked out, and it is useful to point out that the view above indicated was held near the type locality of £. concolor itself.
It will be seen that Bentham (B.FI. ii, 218) points out the similarity of the fruit in £. decipiens and E. uncinata.
3. Under E. falcata Turez. var. ecostata Maiden. See Part XV, p. 181. On limestone, near Fremantle. (Cecil Andrews and W. V. Fitzgerald). These speci- mens are discussed in their relations to H. concolor lower down the page and on page 182. Placing these Fremantle specimens under £. falcata is an act for which I am alone responsible, but the Fremantle plant has the buds sometimes so ribbed as to resemble EL. falcata somewhat.
Drummond’s No. 77 is not E. concolor.
Bentham’s citation of Drummond’s 4th Coll. No. 77 under EH. concolor, a very thick-leaved specimen, only seen in mature leaf and fruit, and figured at fig. 11, Plate 63 (Part XIV) is important inasmuch as it was the only specimen, named Z. concolor by high authority, which was available for the guidance of Australian botanists for vely many years. At fig. 12 I have matched Dr. Diels’ Cape Riche specimen with it, and still think that this view is probably correct.
I have ieferred at length to Dr. Diels’ specimens at p. 155, Part XIV. Some further collecting is required, in connection with the general decipiens-concolor investigation already referred to, when the position of these specimens can again be referred to, but at present it can be said that none of them are typical for FE. concolor, and I have made a slip of the pen in the lettering under fig. 11 (page 163) in saying that Drummond’s specimen is typical for EZ. concolor.
68
AFFINITIES.
At pages 66 and 67 I have already gone into the relations of EB. concolor to E. decipiens, E. uncinata and EL. falcata, and J have little to add.
1. With £. decipiens Endl.
Dr. Stoward, under No. 122, sent me a specimen of ‘‘ White Gum, height 30-40, diameter of trunk 15-18 inches. Grows on limestone country in the Tuart belt along the coast. Spot near Newmarket Hotel, Coogee Road. April-May, 1917.’ This is from the neighbourhood of typical H. concolor, and although these specimens lack juvenile leaves, they seem to answer to the description of £. decipiens. Ii